維安社會中遭受侵蝕的刑法釋義學──論複合組織內的責任歸咎

The Erosion of Criminal Law Dogmatics in the Security Society: Attribution of Responsibility in Complex Organizations

倘若對企業內部產生的犯罪行為，人們不滿意將刑事責任名符其實地歸咎（zuschreiben、Zuschreibung）給企業這種集團組織，則此處的重點便絕對與個人歸責（zurechnen、Zurechnung）的問題相關。在這點上法規遵循（譯按：以下簡稱法遵）複合組織（Compliance-Komplex）已將焦點轉移至本文所稱的監督刑法（Überwachungsstrafrecht），而監督刑法恰如其分地充實了同時成形的犯罪行為前置化的趨勢。隨著刑罰理論基礎的流失，產生粗糙的刑事歸責，並且這種粗糙的刑事歸責以自我管理機制（Selbstregelungsmechanismen）的形式，與今日維安社會（Sicherheitsgesellschaft）的特徵不謀而合。刑法釋義學遭受侵蝕，而刑事政策成為全面維安政策的一環。

If one does not want to be content with attributing criminal responsibility in the truest sense of the word to the company as such in the case of delinquent behavior from within a company, the focus must be on questions of individual attribution. In this respect, the compliance complex has shifted the focus to what is referred to here as surveillance criminal law, which congenially complements the tendencies to shift responsibility forward that can also be discerned. Inaccuracies in criminal law attribution go hand in hand with a loss of foundation in penal theory and, in the form of self-regulatory mechanisms, coincide with the current characteristics of a security society. The criminal law doctrine is eroding, and criminal policy is becoming part of a comprehensive security policy.