空間、族群與社會運動：淨選盟大集會如何構建跨族公共領域

Space, Ethnicity and Social Movement: Bersih Rallies as a Trans-Ethnic Public Sphere

馬來西亞吉隆玻的城市空間及公共領域囿於族群差異，呈現出分化的現象。這些空間或充滿特定的族群符號，或具有固著的族群邊界，以致不同族群難以跨越空間界線交流與協商，更難以產生族群多元的公共領域。然而，近年來的社會運動開始以多元族群作為號召，為各族提供一個可以跨族互動、批判公共議題的空間。本研究以「淨選盟大集會」（Bersih Rallies）作為研究個案，蓋因淨選盟所舉辦的系列集合乃近十年來動員人數最多、族群最多元的社會運動。本研究將探討馬來西亞空間的族群性如何影響公共領域的生成，並討論淨選盟大集會如何突破空間的困境，建構跨族協商的公共領域。本研究指出：政治力量的介入，使族群空間的邊界變得僵化，甚至可能邊緣化其他族群，影響公共領域的生成。而淨選盟藉著佔領城市空問，創造反轉空間中日常規範與權力結構的機會。再者，它引入公共訴求，吸引各個族群進入特定的族群空間，淡化族群空間的界限。另外，它透過遊行的方式，克服空間的距離與族群限制，象微性地達到多元族群匯聚一處的景象，並以口號、標語、劇碼等文化構框策略，在原有的族群認同之外，形塑一個嶄新的運動參與者認同。

As a capital city of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur city's landscape shows multi-cultural features with segregated ethnic space. These spaces showing the racial agenda which emphasized by the colonial government and the nation-state itself. Segregated ethnic space also diminish the openness of public sphere, different ethnic were considered difficult to cross-over the ethnic boundaries in seeking a trans-ethnic public life. From year 2007 to 2016, a series of social movement, i.e. Bersih rallies, happened in Kuala Lumpur found its potential to reproduce a trans-ethnic public sphere. Therefore, this study is an attempt to examine how Bersih rallies stress a way to reconstruct the ethnic space into a trans-ethnic public sphere, in order to contest state's hegemonic racial ideology. The finding shows social movement is able to subvert the daily norms and power structures of space by creating cross-ethnic alliances, adopting multi-cultural framing strategies and holding parade to protest. In order to understand the power relation of ethnic space, this study also re-examine the history of space production since the colonial period.