採前和採後處理對鳳梨釋迦後熟和品質之影響

Effects of Preharvest and Postharvest Treatments on Ripening and Quality of Atemoya (Annona cherimola M. × Annona squamosal L.) Fruits

本研究目的為探討鳳梨釋迦採前以調環酸鈣、水楊酸、AVG處理和採後以1-MCP處理對果實採後後熟及品質的變化之影響。開花前噴施水楊酸處理之果實採後於25℃下，果實較未處理可延後1天，果實可滴定酸、果皮和果肉明度、彩度和色相值等則無差異。而開花前噴施調環酸鈣雖然亦具延緩果實軟熟的效果，但是果實可溶性固形物含量較低。採前噴AVG配合採後1-MCP、和採後1-MCP處理之果實於25℃下，乙烯釋放量較低，且不影響果實品質。採前AVG處理二次之果實，於25℃下可降低果實呼吸率，但對延緩果實乙烯釋放量及品質並無更佳之效果。由於目前調環酸鈣、水楊酸、AVG使用上仍有限制，產業應用建議以採後1-MCP處理較為簡便。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-harvest application of prohexadione-calcium, salicylic acid, and AVG, and post-harvest treated with 1-MCP on ripening and quality of atemoya fruit. The fruit sprayed with salicylic acid before flowering exhibited one day ripening delayed compared with the untreated fruit at 25 °C, but there were no differences in the titratable acid, L, a, b, and hue in peel and flesh. The pre-harvest sprayed of prohexadione-calcium before flowering can delay fruit ripening, but total soluble solids were low. Pre-harvest spraying AVG and post-harvest 1-MCP application resulted in lower ethylene release without affecting fruit quality at 25°C. Fruit treated with AVG twice before harvest was able to reduce respiration rate of fruit but did not influence the ripening days and fruit quality at 25°C. Thus, post-harvest 1 -MCP processing used in industrial applications is relatively workable.