「重返舊大陸」：馬華（旅臺）文學之新「機遇」──以鍾怡雯為例

“Return to Old Mainland”: The New “Encounter” of Literature of Ma Hua (Sojourners in Taiwan), with Special Reference to Choong Yee Voon

王北京出版的《中國現代文學作品選（1917－2000）》、《中國現代文學經典（1917－2000）》與《中國現代文學作品導引（1917－2000）》收錄馬華旅臺作家鍾怡雯的散文，而其作也被納入臺灣中學課本、新文學史、文選等，成為中國或臺灣現代文學之一部分，敲響了新一波的馬華文學警鐘。在其造成的種種影響下，旅臺文學該以何矩尺自我義界以自救？透過區域文學的結構關係、權力話語、典律、文學獎、漢語與華語語系等反復論證，演繹出文學國籍是為關鍵。在被動層面上，文學收編出於文學國籍意識模糊、中國大陸崛起的中國中心想像、臺灣政治思潮動盪下的新挑戰，乃磨平文學國籍的外力。主動層面上，欠缺文學國籍的認知、「在臺」文學的錯誤觀念使旅臺文學從臺灣進而中國大陸地「節外生枝」。文選、文學史與作家研究必須宣示以文學國籍為指標，才能比較圓滿地自救、拆解雙重被結構化的歸宗與收編，否則馬華文學將回到百年前的歷史原點而成為中國文學的支流，複「重返舊大陸」。

Selected Readings of China Modern Literature (1917-2000), Canon of China Modern Literature (1917-2000) and Guide to China Modern Literature Works (1917-2000) which published in Peking included pose of Choong Yee Voon, a Ma Hua writer sojourns in Taiwan. Meanwhile, these prose works also were selected in the textbooks of high school, history and selection on Taiwan new literature. This is new wave of alert emerged in Ma Hua literature since her works became a part of China or Taiwan literature. Hence, how to save and define literature of Ma Hua sojourners in Taiwan under the consequence? Actually literary nationality is the key what would be repeatedly proved and deducted via issues on structural relationships among area literature, power discourses, canon, literature prizes, Chinese language, Sinophone, etc. From a passive view, the vague consciousness on literary nationality, literary inclusion is a new “encounter” which accelerated by China centralism imagination accordingly the rise of China. Political thoughts unrest in Taiwan also is an external force to exterminate literary nationality. From a active view, it with the arising of lacking cognition on literary nationality, and the mistaken concept of Ma Hua literature “in Taiwan” which leading to the phenomena of “afterclap” in mainland China through Taiwan literature. The dual-structural return to China's origin and inclusion could be avoided and deconstructed, only if declaring literary nationality as an index in literary selection, literary history and writers' cases studies. Otherwise, Ma Hua literature will “return to mainland China” and belongs to its tributary as hundred years ago.