臺北市1895年至1945年的社會組織與空間型態

The social organization and spatial configuration of Taipei 1895-1945

清朝時期的臺北三市街，艋舺、大稻埕與臺北城，由各自的移民社會組織建構其生活領域。日本人殖民臺灣之後，原來的區域如何被改造成為殖民主義的都市空間？社會組織及其改變如何呈現在空間型態之中？本文的目的是以1897年與1934年的臺北市地圖，重建殖民主義時期之空間的社會邏輯，探討社會組織與空間型態的重要關聯性。本文的研究方法是個案研究，資料分析方法為空間型態構成理論。1897年的圖形呈現研究成果指出三方鼎立的整體狀態以及各自的局部核心生活地帶。透過實行都市計畫，臺北市成為一個完整的殖民都市，日本人能夠經由整體上具有高便捷度的道路快速移動，與在這些街道上配置警察派出所監控被殖民者。城內區域成為當時臺灣最重要的經濟與政治中心。都市中被填充的部分成為局部強度比較高的區域，這些統治區居住大量的日本人，位於被統治區的艋舺與大稻埕的生活領域明顯沒落。量化分析指出三市街都有非常高的局部空間明顯性、控制性以及防禦性需求。臺北市成為殖民都市之後，三市街的邊界消失了，街道的便捷度以及空間明顯性提升許多，整體控制性也相對增加。殖民都市的空間特質如何影響臺北市在後殖民時期的發展成為後續研究方向，藉以呈現出空間的社會邏輯之轉變歷程。

During the Qing Dynasty, the living areas of Mengjia, Dadaocheng, and Taipei Walled City had constructed by their respective immigrants. After the Japanese colonized Taiwan, how did the original urban area be transformed into a colonial city? How do social organizations and their changes appear in the spatial configuration? The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the social logic of space in the colonial period with the maps of Taipei in 1897 and 1934, and to explore the important relationships between social organizations and spatial configuration. The methodology of this study was case study, and the analysis method was Space Syntax. The results of graphic presentation in 1897 pointed out the overall state of the tripartite and their respective local living cores. Through the implementation of the urban planning, a complete colonial Taipei was shaped, and Japanese could move rapidly and set up police stations to monitor people on the high global integration streets. The inner city area has developed into the most important economic and political center of Taiwan. The infilled parts of the city became areas with relatively high local integration, and these domination regions were occupied by a large number of Japanese. In contrast, the ruled areas of Mengka and Dadaocheng were obviously in decline. Quantitative analysis indicates the strong local intelligibility, control and defensive needs of the three areas. After Taipei became a colonial city, the boundaries of the three regions disappeared, the convenience and spatial visibility of the streets improved a lot, and the overall control was relatively increased. The future research will focus on the colonial urban properties which affect the development of Taipei in the postcolonial period. The important transformation process of the social logic of space will be presented.