女超人任務：勞動市場階層化之跨國比較

The Task of Super Woman: a Cross-National Comparison of the Stratification of the Labor Market

根據國家發展委員會公布的2021年2月勞動力參與率數據，台灣女性勞動參與率為51.44％，與2011年的49.97％相較，增加了1.47％，超過半數的女性投入就業市場，是女性經濟能力的展現。在「男主外、女主內」的主流意識揚棄過程中，本文進一步透過玻璃天花板與職業性別隔離等概念，比較分析跨國女性可能面對的不同困境。採用世界銀行（World Bank）與歐洲統計局（Eurostat）等統計數據進行跨國比較，發現亞洲國家如韓國、新加坡整體而言受到傳統家庭束縛較重，女性對男性之勞動參與率的比例仍未能突破7成，日本甚至還有逆向成長的歷史軌跡。亞洲國家女性除了踏入公領域的束縛外，進入公領域後能晉升為民意代表、主管及經理人員的比例不到15％，破除玻璃天花板效應是亞洲女性的共同任務。而在職業性別隔離的議題上，最低的仍為亞洲國家日本、新加坡與韓國，未達50％的女性專技人員，縱使表現最優的美國與冰島，比例亦僅有57％，顯示職業性別隔離是跨國女性共同的難題。本文歸納女性面臨職業性別區隔的因素，透過跨國的社會範疇比較交疊脈絡下如何交織互動，提供女性平等思潮結合社會建構論與批判實踐取向方法，理解異文化的交織性意識。

According to the labor force participation rate data released by the National Development Council in February 2021, the female labor force participation rate in Taiwan is 51.44%, which is an increase of 1.47%, compared with 49.97% in 2011. This article analyzes transnational women's different dilemmas through concepts such as a glass ceiling and occupational gender segregation. Cross-country comparisons with statistics from the World Bank and Eurostat found that Traditional families more severely restrain Asian countries such as South Korea and Singapore as a whole, and the ratio of female to male labor force participation rate is still insufficient Breaking 70%, Japan even has a historical trajectory of reverse growth. In addition to the shackles of women in Asian countries entering the public domain, less than 15% of them can be promoted to public opinion representatives, supervisors, and managers after entering the public domain. Breaking the glass ceiling effect is a common task of Asian women. Regarding occupational gender segregation, the lowest is still in Asian countries such as Japan, Singapore, and South Korea, with less than 50% of female specialists and even the best performers in the United States and Iceland; the proportion is only 57%. This article summarizes how women face occupational gender separation, provides similar thoughts combined with social constructivism and critical practice orientation methods and understands the intersectionality of interculturalism.