專家參與民事審判之多元角色及聽審請求權之保障：商業事件審理法是否為最後一塊拼圖？

The Pluralistic Roles of Experts in the Civil Court and Protection of the Right to be Heard: Is the Commercial Case Adjudication Act the Last Piece of the Puzzle?

我國法院中專家參與審判之型態，在比較法制之觀察上，最具有多樣性，在不採榮譽職法官（參審法官）之立法政策下，參與審判之專家分設有不同角色及任務：1.行使法院調查事實證據之部分權限者，如家事調查官；2.提供諮詢意見但非證據方法者，有法院專職人員，如智慧財產及商事法院之技術審查官及商業調查官，另有法院外之專家，如調解委員、專業委員或諮詢之專家；3.作為證據方法者，如法院選任之鑑定人及商業事件審理法新設由當事人聲明之專家證人。但不論何者，基於程序公正性、透明性之要求，均應使當事人能於裁判前適時地知悉專家之說明或意見內容，而有表示意見之機會；當事人就法院選任之專家資格、人選，亦應於選任前，有表示意見之機會。 商業事件審理法新設之專家證人在於補充現行鑑定制度不足之處，惟僅適用於商業事件，並未適用於其他民事訴訟事件。關於專家證人可能具有之意見偏頗，可兼採法院鑑定人以防免之。關於鑑定制度之運用，法院在選任鑑定人時，如能尊重當事人之意願，自當事人所建議之名單中選定，則可強化當事人之信賴。關於鑑定意見報告之出具，專家證人所採行之協同意見方式，具有簡化爭點，深化不同意見之討論，可值參採於鑑定證據之調查，以落實當事人之辯論權及聽審請求權。

With the increasing complexity of disputes in modern society, the system of trial by professional judges is increasingly challenged. Since 1999, the establishment of specialized courts has been discussed in Taiwan. This article analyzed the types of experts participating in litigation Taiwan's courts, which are the most diverse from the perspective of comparative legal study. There are different roles and tasks, including (1) exercising parts of the court's authority to investigate evidence and facts, such as family investigator in family court; (2) providing technical information and advice to judges, such as technical examiners and business investigators in intellectual property and commercial courts who are experts as professionals inside the court, as well as mediators and professional advisors who are experts outside the court, which are advisory and not evidentiary methods; and (3) providing evidence, such as expert witness and court-appointed expert witness. However, in all cases, in the interest of procedural fairness and transparency, the parties shall be given an opportunity to express their views on the content of the expert's description or opinion and the qualifications and candidates of the experts before their selection. The Commercial Case Adjudication Act 2019 introduced the expert witness system in Taiwan. The system of court-appointed experts may be supplemented by the expert witnesses as evidence. The potential for bias in the opinions of expert witnesses can be avoided through the questioning of a court-appointed expert witness. In selecting a court-appointed expert witness, the court shall respect the wishes of the parties and select experts from the list proposed by the parties. Concerning the expert's report, the method of the concurrent expert witness has the effect of simplifying issues in dispute and deepening the discussion of disagreements, which can be used to protect the parties' right to be heard when the expert witness is being investigated.