論公司意思獨立的程序之維

公司決策程序能夠保障公司意思獨立於股東。公司意思獨立是公司法人人格的本質，有助於抑制有限責任制度存在的負面效應，保障有限責任制度在公司法中落實。各國公司法普遍對公司決策程序進行規範。公司意思的獨立性隨著公司決策程序的運行彰顯、維持與強化。以股東會決議程序為代表的公司決策程序是公司意思形成的構成要件，有助於保障公司的意思自治。股東個人決定、股東協議等決策方式繞開了股東會決議程序，會損害公司意思的獨立性。因此，股東個人決定、股東協議不應被視為股東會決議。為了更好地實現保障公司意思獨立的目的，應在關聯交易決議場合引入安全港程序規則以及應在董事罷免決議場合引入偏向董事利益的罷免決議程序規則。

The corporate decision-making procedure ensures that the corporate's intents are independent of its shareholders. Being the essential element for corporate independent personality, independent expression of intents could help suppress the negative effects of limited liability, furthering the implementation of the limited liability rules in corporate law. The corporate law of various countries in the world generally regulate the corporate's decision-making procedures. Procedural rules regarding decision-making procedure is the key element for formulation of the corporate's independent expression of intent, and this kind of independence would be exemplified, maintained and strengthened throughout the process of corporate decision-making. The decision-making procedure represented by the resolution procedure of the shareholders' meeting is the constituent element of the formation of the corporate's intent, which helps to ensure the autonomy of the corporate's intent. However, decisions made in the form of shareholder's individual decision and shareholder agreements bypass the procedural mechanism of shareholder meetings, which will undermine the organizational and autonomous nature of the corporate, jeopardizing the independence of the intent. Therefore, we should be aware that shareholder's individual decision and shareholder agreements are by no means the same as resolution. To maintain the independence of corporate's expression of intent, it is necessary for the legislator to introduce safe-harbor rules regarding related-party transactions, and rules of recall procedures that favor directors' interests should be introduced in the context of directors' recall resolutions.