亞洲知識產權法──美麗新世界

Asian IP Law: A Brave New World

包括中國、日本、韓國和新加坡等在內的主要亞洲經濟體以其結構性特徵成功發展知識產權法制與產業：普遍採用國家級知識產權戰略推動知識產權、由專家起草的成文法主導知識產權法發展以及設立知識產權法院或專業法官。同時，主要亞洲經濟體知識產權法制呈現出對著作權侵權行為過度刑事處罰、注冊商標數量爆炸性增長、克制使用專利強制許可、行使知識產權的行為豁免適用競爭法、對標準必要專利FRAND許可的標準趨同、著作權法逐漸採用合理使用一般條款但商標法未廣泛接受等特點。尋求加強亞洲各國合作的路徑、通過貿易協定特別是自由貿易協定改善國際知識產權法、探索更為公平可行的著作權許可費支付機制，以及充分評估知識產權法院或專業法官的利弊得失，是促進亞洲知識產權法合作發展需關注的重大議題，而知識產權法的合作發展是促進亞洲繁榮與維持亞洲和平的重要工具。

Major Asian economies such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, China and India have successfully utilized their structural features of their IP landscape to develop their respective IP regimes and industries: i.e. top-down national IP strategies, technocrat-driven statutory IP laws, and specialized IP courts or judges. In addition, the following distinctively Asian developments help explain the Asian IP story: the sweeping criminalization of copyright infringement, an explosion in the number of registered trademarks, the very limited use of compulsory patent licensing, exemption of the exercise of IP rights from competition laws, convergence on certain standards for the FRAND licensing of standard essential patents, gradual adoption of the general fair use clause in copyright laws but not in trademark laws. Finding ways to enhance cooperation across Asia, to use trade deals and free trade agreements to improve international IP standards, to envision a fairer and more functional mechanism for paying creators, and to evaluate the performance of IP courts or judges are the important issues to leverage IP laws as a tool for prosperity and lasting peace in Asia.