論教學上之著作合理使用與法律限制

Discussion on the Fair Use of Works and It’s Legal Regulations in Teaching

利用他人著作進行教學或發展教材，乃是教學者難以避免的事實行為；此等行為通常雖具有相當程度之公益性質，但卻不必然得以豁免《著作權法》所課予的侵權責任。及至數位科技融入教學環境，因著作重製之質量特徵及其散布上的無遠弗屆，對著作權人相關權益更是產生前所未有的威脅。然而，著作權制度除具有保障著作人權益之目的外，亦兼具有調和社會公共利益、促進國家文化發展的創設意旨。故《著作權法》除對若干歸屬公共財範疇之著作不予保障外，對一般著作亦設有合理使用的公益調節條款。據此，本文乃於我國《著作權法》基礎上，參照密切影響台灣著作權政策發展方向的美國相關法規，以探討在當前科技時代之法制架構下，利用他人著作進行教學所應注意的法律規範；有關我國現行法未盡妥適之處，亦一併予以檢討並提出建議。本文認為，我國現行法最大問題乃在「漏未規範」及「失之寬鬆」二者；前者將導致教學科技因受制於法律規範而難以主張合理使用，後者則將稀釋合理使用機制的立法正當性，同時可能進一步強化權利人積極採取嚴密科技保護措施之動機。因此，除應透過立法機制妥適規範外，兼為著作權人的教學者，亦當以身作則釋放其著作上之部分權利，並期藉由權利人與利用人間的善意互動逐漸消弭權利壁壘，以積極促進《著作權法》立法意旨之早日落實。

It is unavoidable for educators to use other author’s works to develop teaching materials for teaching activities. Although the usage of other works has the property for public benefits, it is not necessary to waive the responsibility of the plagiarism of the copyright law. The rights and interests of authors with respect to their works are seriously threaded by reproducing and distribution in the teaching environment in this information digital information age. Apart from protecting the rights for the authors, the purpose of the copyright system is designed for balancing different interests for the common good of society, and promoting the development of national culture. Therefore, except the Public Domains are not under the protection by the Copyright Act. There should be some measures for fair use. This article is to discuss the regulations of instructional technology under the present copyright system and try to provide suggestions for adjusting those inappropriate measures by referring to the related measures of the USA, which has the deep influence on the development on this aspect.