大數據與福利需求：以非結構資料分析殘盟與老盟粉絲團之初探性研究

Big data and welfare needs: The exploratory study of Facebook unstructured data analysis of The League of Welfare Organizations for the Disabled and Federation for the Welfare of the Elderly

身心障礙、老人福利需求調查需求的方法相當多元，近年臺灣最常使用的是調查法，同時以「表達性需求」取向居多，亦即讓障礙者與高齡者自我表達最需要的福利項目，雖然表達性需求有時會被批評過於主觀，但也可能是囿限於時間和經費的權宜作法。本研究有別於傳統的問卷調查方式，主要透過大數據的非結構資料，蒐集殘障聯盟、老人福利聯盟、弘道老人福利基金會、財團法人老五老基金會粉絲專頁，找出潛在需求因素。研究建議政府相關部門在擬定政策議程時，除了透過調查獲得政策利害關係人的需求意見外，亦能重視這些自主表達的意見。隨著高齡化社會的到來，以及長照保險政策的實施，這些關心身心障礙與高齡者福利的非營利組織在Facebook的經營上，能聚焦單一與具體的議題。相較於企業的粉絲團人數與廣度，非營利組織的粉絲人數不多，且同質性高，研究建議可發起留言標記朋友的活動，透過現有粉絲來吸引新的粉絲加入組織粉絲專頁，同時增加對於組織的認同，參與身心障礙與高齡者需求議題的討論。

“Big data”obtains information on public behaviors related to digital devices. Combining such information with existing health data can help predict some points of intervention in long-term health status and non-traditional treatment methods. In addition, it can aid in designing more effective diagnostic tools, preventing diseases, and increasing accessibility. Hence, in the era of interconnectedness, the integration of a health system as well as a huge amount of clinical, financial, social, and environmental data contributes to real-time analysis and patient care. On the other hand, while the health care industry is“blessed”by the advantages of“big data,”people have to confront the issue of personal data security and privacy, the harms and threats caused by which are increasingly becoming apparent. Thus, as a large amount of data is exposed via information technology applied to communication tools, a new moral framework for learning in health care must be put forward by the government to ensure patient privacy and ethical standards using the research findings. This study focused on how“big data”impacts medical privacy protection and maintenance as well as the responding measures taken by the government and other stakeholders. The related contents of discussion in this study include the relationship between“big data”and the healthcare industry, the impact of“big data”on the healthcare industry,“big data”as the source of innovation for the healthcare industry, the impact of“big data”on medical privacy, and the responding measures taken by governments around the world. Finally, the study investigates how governments and industries unite to confront the challenge of protecting and maintaining medical privacy in the“big data”era.