虞姬之歌的階段性面貌及其文化意涵淺析

An Analysis of the Stages of‘the Song of Yu Ji’and Its cultural implications

〈項羽本紀〉是《史記》中最令人動容的記錄之一，其中不但記錄了項羽的勇敢、磊落、霸氣、殘暴，更在他生命最終的時刻，藉與美人對歌的場景，留下了項羽無可奈何的真實心靈反映。而這段記錄中的美人，雖然只有短暫露面，卻在中華文化中，留下了深刻的印記，成為一種特殊的文化現象。或許是因為《史記》記錄場景的影響，與虞姬相關文學的流傳，大抵皆與音樂脫離不了關係。而其各個階段的音樂文學流傳，從項羽所唱的楚聲〈垓下歌〉，到後來出現的五言歌詩〈虞姬答歌〉，詞牌、曲牌中意象，成為文化符碼或典型，而在中華文化的多元層面中，盪漾餘音。本文便是討論這些音樂文學的形成，及其於各種文化層面中所造成的影響。

‘Biography of Xiang Yu’is one of the most touching records in ''Shi Ji''. Not only did it record the courage, upright, domineering, and brutality of Xiang Yu, but even in the final moments of his life, the scene of having the song with the beauty, left the true spiritual reflection of Xiang Yu's helplessness. The beauty of this record, although only a short appearance, has left a deep imprint in Chinese culture and has become a special cultural phenomenon. Perhaps because of the influence of the records in the ''Shi Ji'', most of the spread literature related to Yu Ji can't be separated from music. And the music literature of its various stages, from the sound of‘Gaixia song’from Xiang Yu, to the five-character poems‘Yuji answer song’that appeared later, until the‘song of beauty Yu’in Ci and Qu, and the‘Yuji answer song’in Kunqu and Peking Opera. Most of them can form a profound image, and become a cultural code or typical model. In the multiple dimensions of Chinese culture, it has always influenced the creations. This article is to discuss the formation of these music literature and its impact on various cultures.