宋濂《龍門子凝道記》之仕隱觀析論

Research on Song Lian's Perspectives on Civil Service and Reclusive Life in Long Men Zi Ning Dao Ji

宋濂為身處元、明之際的大儒，歷來研究多關注其儒學思想。不過，在時代局勢的劇烈變化下，他如何衡量抉擇己身的出處進退；又在未遇不仕的情況下，他如何追尋人生理想、肯認自我定位，是本文所要探討的重點。宋濂在元末時入山隱居，寫下《龍門子凝道記》一書，此為其著名的寓言作品，若進一步細究其內容，可以發現裡面包含著他的治學心得、仕隱看法、不遇心境、人生理念，因此，探討宋濂的仕隱觀與自我認同，《龍門子凝道記》是富有價值且重要的研究材料。本文論述宋濂仕隱抉擇時的原則與複雜心境，以及當他在元末選擇守道不仕時，是透過踐履儒道找到安身立命的方法，也從傳續儒道的過程中獲得自我生命的價值。

Song lian is one of the reputable Confucians between the Yuan and Ming dynasty, and most scholastic researches merely focused on his Confucian theory. What the essay aims to discuss is Song lian's choice between serving as a government official and living as a hermit, and how he pursued his lifelong ideal and affirmed his own fixed position when failing to find an ideal official career. Song lian decided to live as a recluse in the last period of the Yuan dynasty, and wrote the book, Long Men Zi Ning Dao Ji, which is a famous fable. The book includes his academic thoughts, his perspectives on the civil service and reclusive life, and the mood of having unrecognized talents. Therefore, Long Men Zi Ning Dao Ji is a significant work for studying Song lian's perspectives on the civil service and reclusive life. This essay aims to analyze Song lian's principles and complex psychology while confronting with such a tough choice. As a hermit on recluse, Song lian practiced the Confucianism so as to govern his life and live in peace􀇹meanwhile, he also exerted his lifelong value by passing down Confucianism.