初探違章工廠空間群聚／離散暨違章工廠群聚形成因子

Explore The Spatial Cluster/ Dispersed of Informal Industrial Plants s and The Components of Informal Industrial Clusters

近年來農地違章工廠為民間團體不斷呼籲政府重視之議題，依據稅籍資料臺灣農地違章工廠數量自2001年以來，從6萬多家持續增長至13萬多家。事實上農地違章工廠始於1960年代，廠商為了節省土地以及人力成本，工廠進駐廣大的農地，加上客廳即工廠之政策帶動下，造成違章工廠四處林立、農地管理失靈。根據行政院農業委員會農地資源盤點結果，全臺已有13.5萬筆農地遭到違法工業使用，面積將近1.7萬公頃，農地違章工廠最大的影響乃是鄰近農地受到污染，進而產生糧食安全問題，潛在危害民眾健康，儘管政府已有提出相關配套措施，但工廠管理輔導法偏向讓工廠就地合法，國土計畫法則期藉由整體土地資源利用角度引導違章工廠適切地在地合法／異地媒合。為了解違章工廠空間聚集／集散關係，並且研析違章工廠形成之因子，欲配合國土計畫，利用空間特性探討違章工廠之區位適宜性以進行就地合法或異地媒合，故本研究主要採用地理資訊系統中的空間自相關（Spatial Autocorrelation）以及最小平方法（Ordinary least square）針對臺中市進行分析，結果發現違章工廠存在空間聚集特性且違章工廠與鄰近里間存在空間自相關性，此現象表示違章工廠設廠受到鄰近地區之影響。本研究希冀在未來政府擬訂違章工廠相關政策時，能更貼近輔導產業之需求，給予政府在違章工廠議題上政策研擬之參考。

The increasing attention has been paid on informal industrial plants on farmlands. According to the tax statements, the significant increment of informal industrial plants (60 thousand to 130 thousand) from 2001. Although the incredible increasing amount on informal industrial plants, such informal phenomena has originated in 1960. During that time, the establishment of industrial plants on farm land could actual save both production cost and human source cost. In addition, the ''factory in living room'' made the informal industrial plants common on farmland. And further resulted in the increasing informal industrial plants and the lost control on farmlands. Till now, the conflicts on informal industrial plants keeps going. According to the farmland resources investigation conducted by Executive Yuan Agricultural Committee, there are 1,350 thousand farmlands (around 170 thousand hectare) have been illegal used by the industrial uses. The serious impacts of informal industrial plants include the pollution on surrounding farmlands, food insecurity, and human health issues etc. The Factory Management Act attempts to legalize the informal industrial plants on-site while the Spatial Planning Act attempts to legalize informal industrial plants based upon the spatial plan on-site or off-site. Therefore, this study applies spatial autocorrelation in ArcGIS to analyze the clustered/dispersed pattern of informal industrial plants. Afterwards, ordinary least square is then applied to analyzing the factors affect such clustered pattern. It is found that the informal industrial plants have the characteristics of spatial aggregation. This phenomenon indicates that the establishment of the informal industrial plants is affected by the neighboring areas. As a whole, this study attempts to explore on-site or off-site legalization of informal industrial plants based upon suitability analysis. It is hoped that when the government formulates policies related to illegal factories in the future, it will give the government a reference for policy formulation.