高齡者城鄉活動、交通環境滿意度與活躍老化之關係

The Relationship between Urban-Rural Activities, Traffic Environment Satisfaction and Active Ageing of the Elderly

WHO於2002年提出「活躍老化」概念，並鼓勵高齡者透過社會參與及自主活動提升活躍老化程度。相關研究指出，交通環境是影響高齡者活動參與頻率的重要因素。本文以高齡者「活動行為」為核心，連結「個人特性」、「城鄉空間」、「交通環境滿意度」與「活躍老化」，並透過電訪問卷與統計分析，探討不同社會經濟條件、交通環境滿意度、城鄉空間、活動特性等變數對於活躍老化之影響。根據分析結果，本研究有以下4點重要發現：1.「活動運動」是高齡者最主要的活動行為，其次是「購物採買」、「就醫行為」及「探親訪友」，「社會參與」目前並非多數高齡者的日常活動。2.活動行為中除「探親訪友」呈現不顯著、「就醫行為」呈現負面影響外，其餘皆對活躍老化有顯著正面影響。3.活動行為中除「工作賺錢」、「社會參與」與「就醫行為」外，其餘都市化地區高齡者活動之比率顯著大於非都市化地區，未來可思考提高都市化地區高齡者「工作賺錢」與非都市化地區「活動運動」兩者機會可及性，將有助於提高活躍老化。4.國內高齡者仍缺乏友善步行環境，提升步行環境不僅可增加高齡者活動參與率，間接也可提升活躍老化程度。

The WHO proposed the concept of ''Active Ageing'' in 2002 and encourages the elderly to increase the degree of active ageing through social participation and activities. According to literature review, it is pointed out that the traffic environment is an important factor that affects the frequency of participation of elderly. This article use ''activity behavior'' of the elderly as center linking with ''personal characteristics'', ''urban-rural space'' and ''active ageing'' to understand how different socioeconomic conditions, traffic environment satisfaction, urban and rural space and activity characteristics influence the degree of active ageing. There are four important findings. 1. ''Walking and sport'' is the most important activity behavior of the elderly, followed by ''shopping'', ''medical activity'' and ''visiting relatives and friends''; however, ''social participation'' is currently not the important daily activity of elderly. 2. Except for ''visiting relatives and friends'' which is not significant and ''medical activity'' which shows a negative impact, the rest of the ''activity behavior'' have a significant positive impact on active ageing. 3. Except for ''working activity'', ''social participation'' and ''medical activity'', the proportion of other ''activity behavior'' in urbanized areas is significantly greater than non-urbanized areas. It could pay more attention on increasing the accessibility of the ''working activity'' in urbanized areas and ''walking and sport'' in non-urbanized areas to promote the degree of active ageing. 4. It is still lack of friendly walking environment for elderly. Improving the walking environment can not only increase the participation frequency of elderly people in activities, but also indirectly increase the degree of active ageing.