假新聞：是什麼？為什麼？怎麼辦？

假新聞是近年全球範圍內的火熱現象。它之所以會在2016年前後爆發，有技術、心理、經濟和政治社會學四方面的原因。對假新聞進行治理，應從假新聞生命週期的三個關鍵主體——製造者、消費者（公眾）和傳播者（平臺）——入手，綜合運用法律、技術、市場和規範手段。改革以美國《1996年傳播風化法》第230款為代表的第一代互聯網立法對平臺責任的規定則可能成為其中關鍵。此外，打擊假新聞與經典表達自由原則和理論間存在張力，真治理假新聞同樣需要一場表達自由的再平衡。

Fake news has been an unique phenomenon globally in past years. To explain why it has plagued since 2016, we need to look at its technological, psychological, economic and political sociological foundations. To fight fake news, we need to focus on the three key players---content creators, content consumers (the public) and content distributors (platform), and combine law, technology, market and norms. Among them, reforming the first-generation internet regulations exemplified by CDA 230 might be the key. Further, fighting fake news also conflicts with some fundamental principles and premises of free speech, and a re-balance of free speech may also be needed.