民事訴訟中訴之正當性審查

以主張責任的視角審視，可以發現大量實務案件中原告的事實主張都存在不恰當或者不充分的問題，對此最為恰當的司法應對措施為訴的正當性審查制度。訴的正當性審查原理要求原告應當就其承擔主張及證明責任的事實進行實質性主張。其相關的審查、釋明和駁回訴訟請求等制度構建的理論基礎則在於辯論主義、法律觀點指出義務以及訴訟效率。為更好地提升訴訟效率和訴訟公正，應當建立訴的正當性審查制度及其相應的配套的爭點整理程序，並從解釋學上明晰事實主張的具體化要求，以及民法典中核心請求權基礎規範的要件事實。

From the perspective of the burden of opinion, we can find that the plaintiff's factual claims in many cases in China's judicial practice are inappropriate or inadequate. The most appropriate judicial response to this is the legitimacy censorship system of the lawsuit. The principle of the censorship of the legitimacy of the action requires the plaintiff to make a substantive opinion on the facts that he bears the burden of proof and claim. The theoretical basis of the relevant system construction of censorship, interpretation and rejection of claims lies in the doctrine of proposing, the obligation of legal point of view and the efficiency of litigation. In order to improve the efficiency and justice of litigation, we should establish the censorship of the legitimacy of claim and the procedure of sorting out issues in contention, and clarify the concrete requirement of factual claim and the essential facts of the central claim in the civil code from the perspective of hermeneutics.