憲法的性質：法律總則還是法律環境？－－從憲法與部門法的關係出發

近些年來，憲法的重要性日益得到認可，並且由於憲法是法律，於是憲法就與部門法發生了複雜的關聯，其中主要體現在兩個方面：一是部門法的合憲性審查，二是部門法是憲法的具體化。其中後者的意思是說，部門法的任務就是以具體化的方式來落實憲法要求。如果在法理學上考察憲法的性質，那麼它將由實在法命題、概念命題和價值命題組成。認識到這一點，憲法就成為對法律環境的合理反應，而不是扮演法律總則的角色。如果憲法不是法律總則，憲法就無法要求部門法去實現將它具體化的任務，憲法的角色將只剩下對部門法的合憲性審查。

Recently, the importance of the Constitution has been increasingly recognized, and because the constitution is a kind of law, there is a complex relationship between the Constitution and the laws, which include two specific aspects: the constitutional review of laws and the concretization of the Constitutional law by the laws. Among them, the latter means that the task of the laws is to implement the requirements of the Constitutional law. However, from the view of legal theory, the nature of Constitutional law is composed of the positive law thesis, the conceptual thesis, and the value thesis. And then, the Constitution is a reasonable reflection of the circumstances of law, rather than the general part of law. If the Constitution is not the general principle, it cannot require the laws to realize its content, and the role of the constitution will only be the constitutional review of laws.