日本地方創生中的地域共生社會：市民經濟與公民經濟的論辯

Regional Care-centered Society within Local Revitalization in Japan: The Dialogue between Civil Economy and Civic Economy

本文試圖透過對福利國家體制重構的批判，以及市民經濟和公民經濟理念型的建構，分析日本地方創生與地域共生社會政策與制度發展的脈絡。藉由市民經濟和公民經濟的理念型對照，政策與研究文獻整理，以及官方實證資料分析，我們得以理解日本在私有財產制下，以市場機制為核心的就業與志願參與形式，有限民主參與機制的建立，以及市民經濟的特性。而本文亦藉由公民經濟理念，檢視其未來發展的挑戰，包括了以社區認同為中心之多樣性財產擁有形式、以社區認同為基礎的交換機制、就業和志願參與並重的工作價值肯認，以及社區共同事務參與的權力。

This article will analyze the context of the local revitalization and regional care-centered society policies nexus through the criticism of welfare state regime reconstructive theory and the ideal type construction of the civil economy and civic economy. Through the analysis of ideal type, related policies and literature review, as well as collecting official data, we can understand the features of the civil economy in Japan, including private ownership, market distribution mechanisms, its employment centered with a volunteering periphery, and limited participation in democracy. At the same time, I use the idea of civic economy to understand the challenge of Japan's related policy development in the future, including the diversity of ownership, exchange mechanisms based on community recognition, the equal value between employment and voluntary work, and democratic governance based on the community's civic participation.