從憲法平等權論公務員著作，公開發表權及姓名表示權之保護

Protections Regarding Public Servants' Right to Disclosure and Right of Paternity: From the Perspective of Equal Protection under the Constitution

本文乃結合著作人格權中公開發表權、姓名表示權與憲法平等權保護衝突之衡平，旨在探討著作權法第15條第1項但書及第16條第2項，是否因排除公務員公開發表權、姓名表示權之保護，而侵害公務員之著作權益？另外，將公務員排除在公開發表權及姓名表示權之保護主體外，是否有利於調和公共利益？再者，公務員不得主張公開發表權及姓名表示權於其公務著作，是否讓國家文化發展停滯？著作權法修正草案於110年4月8日送入立法院審議，但只是將原著作權法第15條第1項但書，移至新著作權法第15條第1項第1款，而原著作權法第16條第2項則未變動，致使公務著作仍不得主張公開發表權及姓名表示權。然其立法理由認為若公務著作可適用著作人格權，將造成隸屬法人推動國家公務之限制，但卻剝奪公務員享有憲法所規定之法律上平等權。由於我國著作權法隸屬於大陸法系，有保護著作人格權之傳統，自然任一著作均受到公開發表權、姓名表示權及禁止不當變更權之保護，因此立法者應同時將公務著作納入公開發表權、姓名表示權與禁止不當變更權之保護。本文將針對公務著作是否享有著作人格權，來檢視學說理論與司法實務之不同觀點，並具體提出未來之修法建議。

This study aimed to balance the conflict between the right to disclosure and the right of paternity as moral rights and the guarantee of equal protection under the constitution. We discussed whether the proviso of Section 1, Article 15 and Section 2, Article 16 of the Taiwan Copyright Act, which excludes the right to disclosure and the right of paternity for public servants, infringes on the copyright interests of public servants. In addition, we also determined whether excluding protections concerning such rights for public servants benefits the harmonization of public interests. Moreover, we sought to ascertain whether public servants' inability to avail of protections concerning such rights for their works slows down national cultural developments. On April 8, 2021, amendments to the Taiwan Copyright Act were passed by the committee of the Executive Yuan and were left pending for examination in the committee of the Legislative Yuan. However, these amendments were modified from the original proviso of Section 1, Article 15 to the Clause 1, Section 1, Article 15 but were not changed the Section 2, Article 16 of the Taiwan Copyright Act. Thus, public servants remain unprotected regarding the right to disclosure and the right of paternity as moral rights. Reasons for the proposed amendments include the restriction of legal persons in promoting national public matters should public servants not receive protections for their works as a moral right, which would actually deprive public servants' guarantee of equal protection under the constitution. The Taiwan Copyright Act is built on the civil law system that has a tradition of protecting moral rights. As each work of an individual is protected with regard to the right to disclosure, right of paternity, and right of integrity, legislators should include protections in the law concerning such rights as moral rights for public servants' works. This study examined whether public servants' works could be protected as a moral right by analyzing various legal theories and judgments. We also propose concrete suggestions for amending the Taiwan Copyright Act.