論普惠金融時代下之金融排擠效應及其因應之道──以美國法制經驗為中心

Financial Exclusion in The Era of Financial Inclusion and Its Prevention Methods: Focusing on U.S. Laws

普惠金融所提倡的概念，乃人人都應有以合理成本並有尊嚴的接近金融服務或產品的機會。此一概念，不論在國際間或者國內都高度被討論，顯見其重要性。近年來，因金融科技的興起為普惠金融目標之達成帶來新契機，望藉金融科技的運用，盡快達成普惠金融之目標。然，金融科技運用的結果卻隱含帶來新型態的金融排擠風險的可能性，因此本文以此為反省的起點，討論金融科技運用在借貸業所可能產生的風險為何。與此同時，以美國為借鏡對象，觀察該國如何以借貸消費者保護法制以及相關對策處理新型態的金融排擠風險。最後，則回歸我國的金融消費者保護法制進行檢視，並提出相關建議。

The concept of financial inclusion means individuals have access to affordable financial products and services that meet their needs with dignity. Such concept has been highly discussed both internationally and domestically. That shows how important the concept of financial inclusion is. In recent years, due to the rise of Fin Tech, it brings a new hope to facilitate the goal of financial inclusion. However, at the same time, the broad use of Fin Tech also raised some concerns regarding new kind of financial exclusion. As a result, this article emphasizes on the consumer protection concerns under Fin-Tech lending, and analyses the U.S. uses of federal lending laws/regulations and approaches to dealing with such new kind of financial exclusion. Lastly, in comparison with the U.S. laws, this article examines the existing financial consumer protection laws and regulations in Taiwan, and provides suggestions on the reform of Taiwanese financial consumer protection laws.