城市歷史空間的保存與再生：以歷史建築臺中放送局再利用推動經驗為例

Preservation and Reuse of Urban Historic Space: The Example of the Reuse Experience of Taichung Broadcasting Bureau

本文以臺灣中部地區歷史建築臺中放送局活化再利用推動經驗為例，探討歷史建築再利用面臨的困境與挑戰，並分析個案解決的模式與推動策略。本文採取文獻與案例分析方法，從文化資產保存的制度觀點，討論公部門政策、行政作為及其成效，以作為其他歷史建築活化再利用推動的參考。在放送局再利用推動過程中，立即面臨再利用方向地方民意分歧的問題，文化局以開放式的對話凝聚地方共識方案；面對公部門再利用經營管理人力經費嚴重不足的問題，則透過政府與民間合作，以委外方式借重民間企業長處，發揮經營的創意與活力；此外，放送局再利用受到所處地理區位不佳的先天限制，透過定期文化散步路線的規劃串連起各文化景點，並藉由城鄉新風貌──雙十文化流域參與式規劃設計，完成一系列都市人行空間的改造，重構水源地一帶的歷史文化環境。歸納放送局再利用的特色，是以搭建歷史空間舞臺的概念取代固定式的空間展演，轉化再利用收益為文化資產保存永續經營的動能，並將文化資產再利用概念延伸至戶外空間與生活地景。歷史建築臺中放送局保存修復與再利用的過程，就是與歷史、都市環境、社區溝通對話的過程，透過文化資產保存活化與空間改造的具體行動，達成城市歷史空間保存與再生的目標。另從放送局二次委外執行過程中發現，以自負盈虧的私人企業經營理念運用在歷史建築再利用上，是否合適須被重新檢視，而文化資產保存之目的與公益性，亦須被重新加以重視。

This paper investigates the reuse experience of the Taichung Broadcasting Bureau, a historical building in central Taiwan, and presents it as an example for exploring the dilemmas and challenges of the issue of reuse. In addition, the solutions and implementation strategies of this case are also analyzed. The study applied documentary and case analysis methods to discuss the public sector’s policies, administrative measures, and results from the perspective of cultural heritage preservation, in order to provide a basis for the reuse of historic buildings. The reuse of the Broadcasting Bureau immediately faced the issue of local residents disagreeing with the reuse direction, and the Cultural Affairs Bureau thus initiated open dialogue for consensus building. However, faced with a severe lack of funding for the project and a lack of manpower to manage it, the government outsourced operations to private enterprises, so as to utilize their creativity and energy. Due to the bad location of the Broadcasting Bureau, the authorities linked this place to cultural scenic spots by planning periodic cultural walking routes, and a series of urban pedestrian space transformations were completed under a plan called New Urban and Rural Appearance--Participatory Design of Shuangshi Cultural Watershed, which reconstructs the historic and cultural environment at the water source. To conclude, reuse of the Broadcasting Bureau features focuses on the construction of a historic space that is converted into an exhibition and performance space. This benefit of reuse transforms into a force for the sustainable operation of cultural heritage, and extends the concept of reuse to include outdoor space and landscapes. The preservation and reuse process of the Taichung Broadcasting Bureau is a dialogue between history, the urban environment and ommunities, and by revitalizing the cultural heritage and transforming the space, the process finally achieved not only the goal of urban historical space preservation but also that of reuse. Based on the Bureau’s two experiences of outsourcing projects, we have to review whether it is appropriate to have private enterprises manage the reuse of historic buildings as a for-profit premise. Also, it is important to reconsider the purpose and public interest of Cultural Heritage.