以冷凍處理進行紙質文物害蟲灰衣魚之防治

Application of the Freezing Method for the Control of Gray Silverfish (Ctenolepisma longicaudata E.) in Works on Paper

本研究針對紙質文物害蟲灰衣魚，採用物理方式之冷凍法進行除蟲試驗，評估在控制環境溫度下對其成蟲及蟲卵之影響。試驗採用四種不同的低溫條件，並模擬出沒於圖書檔案內、外不同位置之狀況，進行防治成效評估。經試驗結果顯示，冷凍溫度越低則灰衣魚致死時間呈現明顯減少，致死率之效果依序為：-25℃>-20℃>-16℃>-5℃，其中成蟲和蟲卵對低溫之耐受程度不同，在各種模擬環境下蟲卵所需致死時間皆較成蟲所需致死時間為長。本試驗同時模擬灰衣魚及卵在書本之不同出沒位置進行冷凍處理，結果顯示當致死率達100%時之低溫冷凍所需要的時間，在-25℃與-20℃環境下皆需3小時以上，-16℃環境下需要5小時，而5℃環境下需要72小時方可達於滅蟲之效果。本研究將可提供文保界一種對於環境以及紙質文物影響最低，且安全有效實用性高的文物蟲害防治方法。

This study focuses on the application of the freezing method for the pest control of gray silverfish (Ctenolepisma longicaudata E.) in works on paper, to evaluate the influences of temperaturecontrolled conditions on both egg and adult. This test applied four different low temperature regimes and a simulation of pest locations (inside and outside the archives) to evaluate their effectiveness on prevention. The results show that the lower applied temperature required the least time to eliminate the gray silverfish. The order of mortality effect was: -25℃> -20℃> -16℃> -5℃. Adults’and eggs’tolerance to low temperature are different. In the simulated environments, egg mortality required a longer time than adults. The results showed that the freezing time required to achieve 100% mortality, at -25℃and -20℃required less than 3 hours, -16℃required 5 hours, and -5℃required 72 hours. This study may provide the paper conservation field with a pest control method which causes minimum damage to both the environment and cultural property, being a safe, effective and highly practical treatment for gray silverfish.