卑南族婦女除草團(Misahur)的復振與傳承──以台東下賓朗(Pinaseki)部落為例

The Revival and Inheritance of Misahur: Taking Pinaseki Tribe as a Reference

"在台灣以女性為主要參與者的風俗、儀式,無論原住民各族乃至漢人社會並不多見。過去以小米為主食時代,卑南族少女有加入misahur(婦女除草團)組織,從事小米除草、換工與參加muhamud(除草完工禮)的習俗,成為女性成年與社會化的準備與養成機制。本文以下賓朗(Pinaseki)部落misahur的復振與傳承為例,介紹misahur的背景、儀式、社會功能與文化特徵,misahur式微後的轉化,以及該文化載體(部落)對此一無形文化資產的適應與努力。此一無形文化資產之動態變遷及其適應歷程,有外在儀式形式的恢復,也涵括部落內在精神秩序及傳統文化的再生與創造;不但反映族人凝聚自我與族群認同、發展的需求,也為此一無形文化資產創造自我發展的空間,足以提供本處進行保存及推廣原住民傳統民俗、祭儀之參考。"

It is not usual that women play major roles in customs and ceremonies amount the aboriginal tribes and Han society in Taiwan. In the time when people’s staple diet was millet, young ladies of Puyuma tribe would attend the Misahur, a custom which involved weeding for millet, exchanging labors and participating in Muhamud. In this paper, I will use the example of revitalization and inheritance of Misahur in the Pinaseki tribe, and introduce the background, ceremonies, social functions and cultural characteristics of Misahur. In addition I will discuss the transformation of the disappearing Misahur and the effort to adopt this intangible culture heritage by the cultural carrier (the tribe). The dynamic transformation and the adoption process of this intangible culture heritage include the revitalization of the ceremony in its external form and also the revival and creation of the tribe’s inner spiritual order and traditional culture. The whole process not only implies the needs of self-coherence within the tribal members, and recognition and development of the tribe, but also provides the space for self-development of this intangible culture heritage. This example is a good reference for HACH while conserving and promoting the traditional ceremonies of indigenous people.