戰時中美軍事技術合作：以閩浙皖氣象網設置為例

Sino-American Military-technical Cooperation in Wartime: A Case Study of Setting up a Meteorological Network in Fujian, Zhejiang and Anhui

西元（以下同）1941年12月美國向日本宣戰後，隨即與中國達成軍事同盟。美國希望透過國軍牽制日軍，並從中國蒐集東亞地區重要的軍事情報，以供美軍作戰參考。在此脈絡下，美國陸軍第十測候隊為了空襲日本的需求，1944年初派人前往東南地區考察當地的氣象建設與情報網絡，並與福建省氣象局展開合作。中美以東南氣象學會的名義，隱藏軍事技術合作目的，雙方強化福建測候所質量，訓練人才使用美軍氣象電碼，獲得許多成果。美軍甚至透過福建省氣象局的牽線與協助，在浙江與安徽省增設測候所，獲得更多的氣象情報。透過本文得以瞭解中美在沿海地區的技術合作與情報蒐集過程，當面對日軍威脅時，雙方的互動有別於重慶國民政府與美國軍事顧問呈現的緊張關係，反而展現互助、體諒的合作面貌。

After the United States declared war on Japan in December 1941, it immediately entered into a military alliance with China. The United States hoped that the Chinese army would contain Japanese troops and collected military intelligence in East Asia for reference to the U.S. military. In this context, the U.S. Army Air Force 10th Weather Squadron in Kunming dispatched the officer to the southeast region to inspect the local meteorological construction and intelligence network in early 1944 in order to conduct air strikes on Japan. Therefore, the U.S. military cooperated with the Fujian Meteorological Bureau. China and the United States used the name of the Meteorological Association of Southeast China to hide the purpose of military technical cooperation. Both sides made many achievements in strengthening the quality of Fujian weather stations and training personnel to use US military meteorological codes. There were more weather stations set up to obtain more weather information. This article discusses the process of Sino- American technical cooperation in coastal areas, understands the Sino-American gathering intelligence on the front line, and the interaction between the two sides is different from the tension between the KMT Government in Chongqing and the US military advisers in the face of the Japanese military.