戰後日本核能政策的「國民國家論」分析──3.11福島核災事故十周年的反思

A Study of Japan’s Nuclear Energy Policy after WWII: A Nation-State Theory Perspective

2011年3月11日發生的東日本大地震，以及隨之引發的巨大海嘯，造成震央附近的福島第一核能發電廠運作失能最終導致反應爐爐心爆炸的意外，核能輻射外洩迫使眾多日本民眾開始避難生活。日本目前為人類歷史上唯一的被核爆國，也是目前世界第三大核能發電國家。戰後日本國民生活在恐核與反核的記憶與體驗當中，然而何以能積極發展核能，時至今日成為核能發電的大國。福島核災之後，如何看待戰後以來日本的核能政策的發展，同時探究福島核災的責任體系，成為事故發生後日本社會必須面對的課題。本文將探討日本戰後核能政策中「非核三原則」的緣起與轉變，以至於福島核災後有關戰後日本「核能和平利用」等相關論議，並從「國民國家論」的視角探討日本社會對於核能政策的反思立場與態度。

The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on 3/11/2011 caused the explosions of the Fukushima nuclear power plant. Following the explosions, most Japanese people couldn’t help but run away from their houses. Japan, the only country to have suffered the horrors of nuclear weapons in war, embraced the peaceful use of nuclear technology to provide a substantial portion of its electricity. However, Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster has made people review and re-evaluate the nuclear energy policy of Japan after WWII and discuss who has to bear the responsibility. The article is to review the development of the nuclear energy policy of Japan after WWII. Specifically speaking, the focus of the discussion is put on two aspects, the so-called “Three Non-Nuclear Principles” and peaceful use of Nuclear energy, by the analytical approach of “Nation-State Theory”.