科學實證的真諦──如何正確理解實證研究的意義

True Meaning of Evidence- based Study: Towards a Better Understanding of Evidence-based practices

當前所強調的科學實證或實證研究基礎，都是為了幫助我們理解現象，然後得以運用更標準化、更有結構的方式來檢視實際效益，以避免純粹性經驗法則所帶來的基本偏誤及錯誤理解；除了以毒品濫用相關研究來介紹科學實證的意義之外，更重要的是透過研究對象、研究背景、研究時序、研究限制等面向，來澄清並說明如何檢視且思考將之應用於實務工作，而不至於張冠李戴、錯用誤用的反變成偽科學實證。首先，透過研究對象的樣本母群、接受處遇內容和樣本代表性彼此之間的差異說明，呈現出個別研究結果的不同意義；其次，藉由法令變遷和投入資源多寡的簡要描述，來解釋各研究進行時的背景差異對於研究結果的影響；接著說明再犯率和前科率的不同，並透過不同研究時序來展現個別研究的主要焦點；最後強調研究限制的觀念，希望讓大家更能正確理解、正確運用研究成果。文末，則彼此共勉持續透過科學實證、實證研究來找到更佳的處遇策略。

The evidence-based or research-based studies help us understand those issues in which we feel interested by using standardized and systematic methods. As opposed to the evidence-based practices (EBPs), it may avoid misinterpretation or bias resulting from the experience-based judgement. In this paper, the true meaning of EBPs is examined by different dimensions, including subjects, general background information, timing of the social environment and limitations of the study. It is hoped this paper may offer some explanations and suggestions for a more appropriate, rather than misused, application of the EBPs. Firstly, various interpretations of respective research findings are indicated through subject population, which are individually different in nature and have received different treatment. Secondly, our research findings are interpreted based on two main factors: anti-drug policies and the amount of anti-drug resources, which demonstrate some background information as this study was conducted. Thirdly, the difference between recidivism rates and prior conviction rates is explained by focusing on respective studies who are studied through time-series study. Finally, some research limitations are proposed for a better understanding of the application of our research. It is hoped that a relatively appropriate interventions which is based on scientifically EBPs, might be offered to drug abusers.