論朱子對治「欲」的工夫──從朱子討論人心道心之說出發

On Zhu Zi's Moral Cultivation in Treatment of Desire-Starting from Zhu Zi's Discussion on Renxin Daoxin

傳統上，儒者對治「欲」的工夫，有分成寡欲和無欲，若從字面上觀之，此兩者似不能並存，實則非是。依朱子思想而言，此兩種工夫已安頓處，因為本文留意到朱子在討論人心道心之說，將「欲」區分成兩種，且以寡欲和無欲的工夫分別對治之。因此，本文先探究朱子對於人心道心的問題意識之根源所在，即對於二程的人心道心之問題而發。其次，朱子以自身理解的人心道心，進而解決二程的人心道心之問題。最後，本文將論述朱子對於人心道心的理解有一重要的意義，即是對於「欲」之區別，故而以此探究朱子對治「欲」的工夫。

Traditionally, the Confucian's moral cultivation in treatment of desire is divided into lesser desires and desirelessness. If we look at it literally, it seems that the two cannot coexist, actually they can. According to Zhu Zi (朱子)'s thought, these two kinds have settled down, these two kinds of motal cutivation have no contraction because we notice that in his theory of renxin daoxin (人心道心), Zhu Zi divides desires into two kinds, and treating renxin daoxin separately with lesser desire and desirelessness. This paper first explores the origin of Zhu Zi's problematic of renxin daoxin, that is, the problematic of Cheng brothers's renxin daoxin. Secondly, Zhu Zi used his own understanding of renxin daoxin to solve the problem of Cheng brothers's renxin daoxin. Finally, this paper will explore the important meaning of Zhu Zi's understanding of renxin daoxin, that is, the difference between desires, Zhu Zi's treatment of desires in his moral cultivation.