從「憂鬱－哀悼」之生命轉向論廢名《竹林的故事》及其創作傾向

A Discussion on Fei Ming’s The Story of the Bamboo Grove and his Creative Tendency--On a Perspective of Life Turning from Melancholia to Mourning

本文以「憂鬱（melancholia）－哀悼（mourning）」之「生命轉向」為路徑進入廢名小說集《竹林的故事》，由此論析廢名個體生命與小說文本生命之互涉及其引發的作家個人創作傾向，並指出《竹林的故事》作為廢名第一本小說集在其創作生涯中的指示性意義。論文首先進入小說集中以知識分子為敘事主體之小說，對文本中的知識分子之憂鬱提出疑問，他們失去了什麼？進而探討知識分子因憂鬱而產生的「自我的喪失」，以及文本內外之知識分子／廢名所選擇的突圍之道。然後再進入以鄉村翁媼兒女為敘事主體之小說，論析廢名以返回童年故鄉作為新的認同對象所引發的「再一次失去」，以及廢名對此的哀悼回應。最後具詳分析《竹林的故事》最後一篇小說〈去鄉──S的遺稿──〉，以論證廢名哀悼結束之前因後果，並指出廢名由此展開的鄉土書寫創作傾向。

This essay takes a perspective of life turning from melancholia to mourning to discuss Fei Ming’s first book The Story of the Bamboo Grove, and proves that Fei Ming’s life is an intertext of his book. First, it discusses three short stories centered on intellectuals in Beijing who were depressed. It can be inferred that what they had lost resulting lost of themselves, but intellectuals in short stories and Fei Ming chose different ways when facing melancholia. Then by analyzing short stories which set the countryside as the theme of the storyline, it’s clear that Fei Ming turned to mourning his childhood and hometown to defeat his melancholia. Finally, a textual analysis on the last short story in the book points out that why Fei Ming’s mourning ended, and it points out that homeland writing as a creative tendency started from then on.