自用小客車有償參與旅客運送服務之研究

A STUDY OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF PRIVATE PASSENGER CARS WITH COMPENSATIONS IN PAID PASSENGER-TRANSPORT SERVICE

面對高齡社會、偏遠地區公共運輸不足等問題，自用小客車是否能夠是「共享交通」的投入有償旅客運送服務，代替需求反應運輸系統（DRTS）計畫中的小巴士、撥召計程車、復康巴士或長照巴士，期使能夠更完善偏遠地區與身障或行動不便者的運輸服務。本研究蒐集國內外有關共享交通、交通網路平臺、自用車有償運送旅客服務的實施案例、管理規範等文獻，針對旅客服務面之收費標準、共乘服務…等，車輛管理面之車齡與排氣量條件、車外行車影像紀錄器…等，駕駛人管理面之年齡及取得駕照時間限制、犯罪前科…等課題，應用德菲法問卷調查方式，了解產官學專家對自用小客車有償參與旅客運送相關管理課題的支持與共識度，並參照專家之意見，建議修訂公路法增加「網路運輸服務業」及研擬「自用小客車有償參與旅客運送服務辦法」草案，提供政府主管機關擬訂相關政策之參考。

In light of the problems of the aging society and insufficient public transport service in remote areas, it is hoped that private passenger cars can serve as ''ride-sharing'' to involve in paid passenger transportation service and to replace vans, dial-a-taxis, rehabilitation bus or long-term care bus under the demand-responsive transport system (DRTS) projects, so as to improve the transportation service for people living in remote area, the handicapped or people with disabilities. This paper collects literatures concerning the implementation and management regulations of the domestic and foreign shared traffic system, traffic network platforms and private cars with paid passenger transportation service. Focusing on the issues of fare-charging standard, ride-sharing service, passenger service, the age and engine displacement of cars, dashboard camera installation outside cars and car management, as well as drivers' ages, license acquisition period, criminal records and drivers' management, this paper applies Delphi survey method to understand the corporates', government officials', scholars' and experts' level of support and consensus towards the related issues concerning the management of private passenger cars with paid involvement in transport service. After referring to the opinions of experts, this paper suggests to make amendments to Highway Traffic Act by increasing the involvement level of ''network transport service industry,'' and the drafting of ''Guidelines for Governing Private Passenger Cars with Paid Involvement in Passenger transportation Service''. The suggestions provided herein are referential to the competent authorities of the government in formulating the related policies.