「隱逸印象」與中國古代地方文士社群領袖的形成──以江浙地方文士社群領袖朱彝尊為例*

'Hermit Image'' and Emergence of Leaders of Traditional Chinese Local Scholar-Literati Circles: With Zhu Yizun, Leader of the Jiangzhe Circle as an Example

本文係為了響應近來學界對於中國古代文士社群領袖所以形成原因的新思考而發，特取清初江浙地方文士社群領袖朱彝尊為例，詮釋此一領袖地位的形成與朱彝尊被賦加的「隱逸印象」之關聯。這項論題的意義，一方面在於對過去學術史持以認定朱彝尊之為文士社群領袖的成因，進行反思，而就向被忽略的社會性因素，提出有別於前說而移轉的新觀點，但不是意在取代前說。另一方面乃藉此一個案研究，彰明文士社群領袖所擁有的「社會印象」對增進社會凝聚的效用，是思索文學的社會效應時，值得加以關注的面向。朱彝尊被賦加的「隱逸印象」，尤其可從旁人為朱氏的圖像所撰作的題詠見之。此一印象深具「定著世界」與「土性優先」的認同，而出以「隱逸家鄉地方化」與「當今我群共有記憶」的表述，已然有別於傳統的隱逸印象。

This paper is areflection on recent studies about the reasons behind the emergence of leaders of traditional Chinese scholar-literati circles. Using Zhu Yizun, leader of the Jiangzhe local scholar-literati circle, as an example, it illustrates the connection between the formation of the leadership position and the ''hermit image'' bestowed upon Zhu Yizun. Social factors previously ignored are proposed as alternatives to, but not replacement of prior explanations. On the other hand, this case study highlights the functions that ''social image'' of the leader of alocal scholar-literati circle could serve in promoting social unity. This is an aspect worth noting in considering the social effect of literature. The ''hermit image'' was conf 99 erred upon Zhu Yizun, as could especially be seen in inscriptions by others on Zhu's portraits. This image was steeped in ''anchoring oneself in the world'' and ''returning to one's root,'' and through expressions of ''retiring and returning to one's home country'' and ''sharing memories of our group at the present'', differed significantly from traditional images of hermits.