參與式預算中的陌生人

The Stranger in Participatory Budgeting

本文以文化部的審議社造為案例，從社會關係的角度，討論參與式預算的組織者的角色。受到Georg Simmel陌生人分析的啟發，本文認為若組織者能與在地人形成陌生人關係，讓在地人同時感到組織者之於在地的「親近性」與「遙遠性」，將更能自由地接觸立場與利益不同的行動者與團體、更能以全面的角度規劃參與式預算、更能讓相關行動者感到組織者的公正，以及更能凝聚立場與利益不同的行動者與團體。本文也指出陌生人並非歸屬地位，組織者需要運用他的社會技能，透過認同工作建立他與在地的陌生人關係，這些認同工作包括特出自己與在地差異的區分性展演，以及壓抑自己與在地差異的合併性展演。最後，根據以上發現，本文對於組織者的認同工作能否成功、哪種類型的組織者比較容易取得陌生人的地位，權威的社會溝通面向，以及參與式預算的動員策略提出討論與建議。

This article uses a case study on deliberative community-building to consider the role of organizers in Participatory Budgeting (PB) from the perspective of relational sociology. Inspired by Georg Simmel’s masterpiece “The Stranger”, this article argues that PB may reach its ideals when the organizer builds strangership with locals. When the organizer obtains stranger status, the organizer is more likely to mobilize different local groups, set impartial PB rules, and connect local groups with different interests. This article also argues that the organizer has to build strangership through two kinds of identity work to create a feeling among locals that the stranger organizer is concurrently both remote and near. This identity work involves both distinguishing themselves from locals while also suppressing differences to better blend with locals, i.e., compartmentalizing and conflating performances. In the end, this article discusses the conditions that constrain the organizer’s performance as the stranger, specifies what kinds of organizer are more likely to obtain stranger status, and rethinks authority from the perspective of social communication.