陸游〈書憤〉、〈感憤〉詩作之特色及詩學意蘊探析

On the Features and Poetic Significance of Lu You's Poems on ''Expressing Anger'' and ''Feeling Anger''

陸游（1125-1210）自59歲至79歲一共寫了七題八首〈感憤〉與〈書憤〉詩，另有〈反感憤〉一首。本文以〈離騷〉與《韓非子．孤憤》為參考座標，將此類詩作置於歷代相關作品中考察，發現以下三項特色：一、重新釐定「外族」的角色：視金人之出現為出自老天的允許，並揭示上天的運行規律，以保證外族的終將滅亡。二、以系列詩作剖析「自我」：將才俊德美的「自我」作為主體，拓展其內在的精神空間，標舉堅毅不屈的愛國情操。三、以〈反感憤〉修正書寫路線：收攏張商英與李光偏離傳統的內涵，把尋求精神解脫、專注當下、愉悅度日的部分作為對反。其詩學意蘊在於強調「自我」以凸顯傳統論述的焦點，為符應時代需要整合異族與上天的功能，並以〈反感憤〉延續之前的主流。

Lu You 陸游 wrote eight ''Expressing Anger'' and ''Feeling Anger'' poems from 59 to 79. There was another poem titled ''Against Feeling Anger.'' Comparing these poems with those previous related poems, it is possible to discern three distinctive features. First, he clarified the role of ''foreigners.'' Lu You transformed the standard conception of foreign peoples, arguing that their existence was sanctioned by Heaven. He further maintained that they would eventually perish because of their violations against the divine order. Second, Lu engaged in self-analysis through a series of poems that focused on his personal talent and virtue. In these poems, he not only extended his inner spiritual space to the past and future, but also emphasized his unyielding patriotism. And third, Lu modified some portions of his previous compositions. By creating a poem with the new title ''Against Feeling Anger,'' he took the genre in a new direction, opposing those who sought to live happily in the moment. In conclusion, he highlighted the traditional focus on the ''self,'' and fulfilled contemporary needs by reconceptualizing the functional role played by ''foreigners'' and Heaven in these poems. Finally, he defended the primary preserve of previous compositions by creating a poem using a new title.