金末河北士民遷徙現象初探

Preliminary Study on Migration of Inhabitants in He-Bei during the Late Jin (Anchun Gurun) Period

金宣宗因應蒙古南侵而遷都汴京，大量官員、軍戶隨之南遷河南，史稱「貞祐南遷」。本文分析河北地區中下級官員與百姓避兵行為，認為「避危就安」是民眾避兵基本原則，離開河北、就近避兵都是民眾可能的選項。若是遠距離避難，河北民眾主要考慮以河南為主、山東為次的南遷避兵方向。南遷具體路線主要有三，分別是太行山東側、漕運河渠沿線以及深、冀兩州進入山東。另外，不少基層百姓選擇就近取得保護。例如投靠世侯或是降蒙，或是在鄉里就地避兵，或是投靠諸如霸州信安水寨、沃州水寨、邢州山寨、相州林慮山寨等等保護據點。至於返鄉的選擇，可以看到留在河北、就近避兵的百姓，往往不待金朝滅亡，便會回到秩序甫定的鄉里。

The so-called ''Zen-You Nan-Qing (migration southward in the period of Zen-You, 1213-1217)'' refers to that Emperor Xuanzong (Wudubu) of the Jin dynasty (Anchun Gurun) moved the capital city from Yan-Jing (Zhongdu) to Bian-Jing (Kaifeng) to escape the Mongol incursion. During this incursion, officials of lower echelon, soldiers, and common people migrated southward to He-Nan. This article aims interpret ''seek security to avoid disaster'' as the incumbent concept of common people to escape military incursion; while to leave He-Bei homeland or migrating to nearby area were both choices. There were three main paths from He-Bei to the south in He-Nan and Shan-Dong: along the route of eastern wing of Tai-Hang Mountain, sailing through the Grand Canal, and, travelling from Shen-Zhou and Ji-Zhou to Shan-Dong. Some people chose to stay in the homeland either surrendered to the Mongols or sought protections from local militias in different spots in the mountains or waters such as Ba-Zhou, Wuo-Zhou, Xing-Zhou, and Xiang-Zhou etc. It is observed that people stayed nearby hometown in He-Bei often moved back home as soon as peace or social order restored, even before downfall of the Jin regime.