育嬰留職停薪津貼請領者職涯變化之探討

A Study of the Career Change for the Parental Leave Allowance Applicants Claimants

本文運用勞工保險與就業保險等資料庫中的相關檔案資料，觀察育嬰留職停薪津貼請領者於生育滿3年、滿6年的職涯變化：包括持續於同一事業單位就業、轉換職場，以及未繼續投保勞保者。其中，針對有就業者（涵蓋男性請領者）則進一步觀察其投保薪資級距的變化。研究結果發現國內育嬰留職停薪津貼請領者，以同時請領生育給付與育嬰留職停薪津貼者為多數，其中有86％以上為女性。就勞保投保薪資級距觀察，呈現兩極化分配（即投保薪資級距集中於兩端的族群比重相對較高）。在職涯歷程變化來看，育嬰留職停薪請領者短期（3年）退出職場比率高、投保薪資級距下降者比率較高，但長期（6年）退出職場比率、投保薪資級距下降比率均較短期降低，投保薪資級距上升比率則提高，顯示育嬰留職停薪津貼政策對請領者的職涯與薪資的不利影響，都屬短期效果，長期而言，仍會逐漸趨近於與未使用育嬰留職停薪津貼政策者相同的結果，與文獻上的研究一致。本文建議應持續針對育嬰留職停薪津貼請領者的就業與薪資歷程觀察，並瞭解高投保薪資者、部分行業對育嬰留職停薪津貼政策卻步的原因，以及該政策對特定族群的影響。

This article uses the data from labor insurance database to observe the parental leave allowance claimants' post-birth 3 years and 6 years career changes. If there are employed, we will further observe the changes in their insured salary levels. The data also covers male claimants. It is found that the majority of claimants use maternity benefits and parental leave allowance at the same time, and more than 86% of claimants are female, and with lower monthly insurance salary. From the perspective of changes in career, the short-term (3 years) exit rate of labor market is higher and the rate of insured salary decline is higher. In the long-term (6 years), the exit rate and the insured salary decline rate both are significantly lower than those in the short-term, while the rate of insured salary upgrades increased. It shows that the adverse effects of the parental leave allowance policy on the claimants' career and salary are short-term effects, and in the long run, they will gradually approach to the same results as those without parental leave allowance and is consistent with the other literature. It is suggested that we should continue to observe the claimants' career development in labor market, and review the impact factors to deter using parental leave allowance for those high insured salary employees, some industries insured and the specific groups.