臺南踏謠藝陣之表演探析

The Investigation on the Performance of Tayao Yizhen in Tainan

臺南是一個非常重視民間藝術的城市，尤其宗教活動多，民眾們也熱絡參與儀式性的展演活動，因此有一些傳統民間藝術還鮮活地活在當下。經過多次對於這保有民間歌舞的藝陣團體進行田調、訪視，深深感受到是因為有一些有能力、有熱情的熱心人士，積極的規劃安排統整民間團體的事物，使得這些傳統藝術才得以保存與傳承。但是臺灣踏謠藝陣表演，已隨經濟發達、社會進步而逐漸式微，通常在鄉村地區還有一些活動，也隨著藝人逐漸老化、凋零而沒落。目前這些藝陣多為農民業餘團體，年輕人較少。這些藝陣團體多在神明生日、祭典出巡、新廟落成等喜慶時表演，或是偶爾私人喜、喪事中也有演出。由於經營演出之業餘人士居多，限於經費，目前還保留有一些以舞弄身段為主的歌舞藝陣表演，但是不知何時，車鼓歌舞表演也會逐漸減少而消失，這是值得關注的議題。本文首先論述臺南歌舞藝陣之三種表演形式，包含：一、能合歌舞以代言演出小戲；二、由後場藝師演唱、演奏具有故事情節的唱詞與音樂，而同時多位前場藝師進行舞蹈身段表演，並且前場中有1或2位藝師有代言說白進行演出；三、由後場藝師演唱、演奏具有故事情節的唱詞與音樂，而同時多位前場藝師進行舞蹈身段表演，是沒有代言的純歌舞踏謠表演。其次，分析「小戲群」之串聯表演結構，是將多個小型之不同劇目、不同故事內容的歌舞或小戲進行一連串的表演，情節內容也有巧思的安排。其三，探討臺南歌舞藝陣之師承與傳習情形，包含家族成員的互相傳授，或是資深團員指導新進團員，以及邀請外地的老師前來該團指導。最後說明臺南歌舞踏謠藝陣團體之生態與分布情形。本文以多年田野調查之資料，探析臺南踏謠藝陣之表演類型、特色與生態，期望能提供相關研究者與政府部門參考。

Tainan is a city where folk arts are very much cherished; in addition, it is full of religious activities, and people are enthusiastic about participating ceremonial performances; thus, some traditional folk arts are still lively kept. After I have done much field research and visitations of Yizhen troupes which preserve folk songs and dances, I have deeply felt that the reason why traditional arts could be preserved and passed on is due to some enthusiasts who are capable and passionate, and actively manage and organize everything about folk art troupes. This paper will firstly begin by discussing three performing styles of Yizhen songs and dances in Tainan, including (1) a Xiaoxi incorporating songs and dances to represent or impersonate some roles (Dai-yan); (2) a performance that musicians sing lyrics and play the music to tell the story plot, and many performers dance on the stage simultaneously. In the meantime, there are one or two performers impersonating and narrating onstage; (3) a Tayao (a performance with only songs and dances) without impersonation and with musicians singing lyrics and playing the music to tell the story plot, and meanwhile performers dancing onstage. Secondly, Xiao-xi-qun (a pack of Xiaoxi) will be analyzed. It is a serial performing structure, which a list of repertoire as well as songs and dances with different story content are connected together to become a show. The plot will also be arranged creatively. Thirdly, the paper will also discuss how singing and dancing Yizhen has been passed on and taught, including teaching and learning among family members, senior members teaching new members, or inviting teachers to instruct. Lastly, the paper will illustrate the ecology and distribution of Tayao Yizhen troupes in Tainan. This paper is based on the materials that have been acquired from field investigation for many years to explore the performing types, features and ecology of Tayao Yizhen in Tainan, and hopefully it might be a helpful reference for the related researchers and the government.