當代臺灣原住民族的移徙與分布：戶政資料中的終生遷徙模式與都市原住民概述

Migration and Distribution of Indigenous People in Contemporary Taiwan: Long-term Migration Pattern of Urban Indigenous People in Household Registration Administrative Data

原住民族有較高的遷徙率，較難以調查方式掌握之，戶政登記資料雖可提供詳盡的人口資料，但卻有近用性的問題。2014年起，原住民族委員運用戶政登記資料，去識別化後建置了「臺灣原住民基礎開放研究資料庫」。相較於既有原住民移徙研究多聚焦於短期移徙行為，本文運用該開放資料庫，自長期遷徙的觀點檢視原住民族終生移徙現象，探討其空間流動模式，並聚焦於都市原住民族，檢視不同都原世代在人口結構，與空間分布上的差異。研究發現如下：（1）目前約四成三的原住民進行過終生遷徙，終生遷徙的原住民主要移入區域為臺北、桃園一帶、高雄都會區及中部都會區；（2）相較於原鄉原住民，都市原住民以青壯人口為多，教育程度較高，老化指數較低；（3）都市原住民的空間分布，係以北部的中壢桃園都會區週邊為多，次為臺北都會區週邊；（4）都市原住民以移徙的第一代型都原為多，而第二代都原較為年輕、教育程度較佳；（5）臺北都會區對第一代都原較具吸引力，而中壢桃園都會區則為第二代都原的主要集中地。本文藉由運用此公開資料庫，克服過往戶政資料近用性的限制，並探討其後續在原住民族移徙研究上的應用潛力。

Due to the high migration rate of Taiwanese indigenous people, it is difficult to record the population details from survey data. Household registration data can provide accurate demographic information; however, its accessibility is a problem for most people. Council of Indigenous People developed Taiwan Indigenous Peoples open research Data (TIPD) based on de-identified household registration administrative data to resolve the problem of accessibility. By focusing on existing studies on shortterm migration, this paper applied open data to explore long-term migration and explicate character and spatial pattern of long-term migration. Furthermore, this paper also illustrated the demographic and spatial pattern of different generations of urban indigenous people. The main findings are as follows: (1) 43% of indigenous people had left their birth place, and the main destinations of lifetime migrants were north metropolitan areas, such as Taipei City and Taoyuan City, and central metropolitan area and Kaohsiung City. (2) Compared to tribal indigenous people, urban indigenous people were younger, better educated, and had a low aging index. (3) Urban indigenous people lived in compact communities near north metropolitan areas like Chungli-Taoyuan, followed by the pretrial area of Taipei. (4) Most urban indigenous people were ascribed and much younger and better educated than the achieved ones. (5) The achieved urban indigenous people preferred to reside in Taipei metropolitan area, whereas the ascribed urban indigenous preferred to inhabit Chungli-Taoyuan metropolitan areas. The paper aimed to apply an open data policy to overcome the accessibility of household registration administrative data and demonstrate the potential data-added application of TIPD in further migration study of indigenous people.