國籍船舶安全營運與防止污染管理制度之探討

Discussion on Safety Operation and Pollution Prevention Management System of Nationality Ship

我國於2019年11月31日，對國內總噸100以上或乘客定額150人以上客船、總噸500以上貨船及其他經公告適用船舶，全面實行「國內航線船舶安全管理」制度。目的在提升船舶管理之環境、安全與衛生等級，冀望與國際安全管理章程接軌。研究指出國內目前的船舶經營，多數為家族企業體或為小型個體戶，在營運收入暨成本考量下，要履行國家頒布之新管理制度，在執行面上倍增挑戰。政策的執行與實務的履行以及此二者間的影響層面將為本文關注重點，依選定屏東縣東琉線客船案例分析及法規研析等方法，聚焦於實務之客船檢查，安全管理制度之輔導及正式運作所涉相關文件，本文成果可作為航商及下轄船舶建立制度之參考，維持安全管理將是人船平安之唯一法門。

Taiwan National Safety Management (NSM) system was made mandate on November 31, 2019, by the Maritime and Port Bureau (MPB), Ministry of Transportation and Communication (MOTC). The NSM system applies to passenger ships with a Gross Tonnage of more than 100 or carrying over 150 passengers, cargo ships, GT above 500, and any other types of vessels indicated by the MPB. The Bureau published the “Regulations of the Safety Operation and Pollution Prevention Management＂ for creating the National Safety Management (NSM) system to keep pace with the standards set up by the International Safety Management Code. The current status of Taiwan’s national shipping industry revealed a large number of ship operators that are either family businesses or small-scale shipping companies. It is a challenge when the companies put cost-revenue into consideration and may lower the safety levels under NSM guidelines. The execution of the whole NSM system, particularly for passenger ships, Tung-Liu line, Pingtung County, was well documented through ship audits and inspections. Positive feedback was collected and evidence was found from the company’s safety management manuals, procedures of operation, and their designated check-lists. The NSM system upon passenger liners was also able to contribute to the other shipping companies as valuable references.