越南港口的效率──兩階段DEA之應用

Efficiency of Ports in Vietnam: A Two-stage Network DEA Application

港口是一個國家融入區域經濟和全球經濟的重要樞紐，其效率的高低對於一個國家的國際競爭力有著顯著的影響，越南政府有鑑於該國對於進出口貨物的依賴度逐年增加，所以將港口視為維持其貿易活動成長的重要基礎設施。儘管該國海上貿易量顯著增加，但與其鄰國相比，越南的港口系統顯得相對過時、且競爭力相對較差。有鑑於此，港埠效率的測量對於如何正確改善越南港口性能提供了重要的指標。在本研究中，我們回顧越南港口的內部運營情況，並據此比較2016年越南的20個港口營運效率。實證結果顯示下列的主要發現：（1）北部港口比其他地區的港口具有較高的營運效率；（2）貨物和集裝箱吞吐量不足是越南港口系統效率低下的主要原因；（3）應謹慎考慮且避免在船隻吸引力低下的港口投資，以杜絕浪費額外資源；（4）應針對每個投入與產出進行特定的調整，以提高整體效率。

Port is a critical linkage for a nation to integrate into the regional and global economy. The efficiency of port infrastructure contributes significantly to a nation’s international competitiveness. Increasingly relying on import and export, Vietnam considers port as a critical infrastructure that sustains trading activities. Despite the significant increase in seaborne trade volume, the port system in Vietnam appears more obsolete, and less competitive compared with the ones of the neighboring countries. Given this, the efficiency measurement is essential for giving out the direction to improve the performance of ports in Vietnam. In this study, we examine the efficiency of 20 Vietnamese ports in 2016 with the consideration of the port’s internal operation. The empirical results reveal the major findings as follows: (i) ports in the North appear to be more efficient than the ports in other regions, (ii) the insufficient cargo and container throughput is the major driver of the inefficiency of the port system in Vietnam, (iii) the investments on the ports which are inefficient in the stage of attracting vessel calls should be carefully considered to avoid the extra wasted resources, and (iv) the specific amount of adjustment that should be made for each input, output to enhance efficiency level is provided.