臺中市大甲溪中游四區地名與客、閩族群分布之關係

The Relationship Between the Place Names and the Distribution of the Hakka and Min Ethnic Groups in the Four Districts of Dajia River's Middle Reach, Taichung City

本文調查臺中市大甲溪中游的豐原、石岡、新社、東勢等四個行政區的族群地名，所蒐整的客、閩式地名合計共102個。其中，客式地名有60個（58.9%），閩式地名有39個（38.2%），閩客混合式地名有3個（2.9%）。從這項地名組成結構比例與地名的空間分布而論，可反應這四區處於客、閩族群交會帶，兩族各自使用客、閩方言為母語，但也可能懂得聽、甚至會說另一方的方言，故在溝通、指稱地名時，兩族住地犬牙相錯地帶就會有客、閩地名並存或客、閩語混用的情況。就世居家族祖籍地之方言區來界定族群歸屬，大甲溪中游四區可歸客家族群的家族佔88.1%，歸閩南族群的佔11.3%，其他佔0.7%。從語言族群的發展趨勢來看，閩南族群的影響力與日俱增，客家族群則在逐漸萎縮當中。就地名的地形分布而言，客式地名不只數量較多，也散布四區全境，無論是低平河谷，或是丘陵地，都可見到客式地名；閩式地名方面，主要分布於豐原區西半部平原區、沿省道3號東向大甲溪河谷，經過新社河階，再聯結東勢市中心及新社北半部，此通道串連各區人口密集、商業發達的地帶。

This paper investigates the ethnic place names of the four districts (Fengyuan, Shigang, Xinshe and Dongshi) in the middle of Dajia River. The total place names is 102, of which 60 (58.9%) are Hakka's names, 39 (38.2%) are Min's names, and 3 (2.9%) are the others. From the spatial distribution of the place names, it can be reflected that the four districts are in the intersection of the Hakka and the Min. The two ethnic groups use their mother tongues, but they may also use each other's language. Therefore, in the communication and alleged place names, there will be cases where the two groups live in the wrong place, and there will be cases the places names coexisted or the languages mixed between the two groups. The ethnic groups are defined in the dialect areas of the family's ancestral home. The Hakka is 88.1%, and the Minnan group is 11.3%, and the other is 0.7%. Judging from the development trend of the language group, the influence of the Minnan group is increasing day by day, and the Hakka group is gradually shrinking. As far as the spatial distribution of place names is concerned, there are not only a large number of Hakka names, but also the whole area of the four districts. Whether it is plain or hills, all can see the Hakka names; mainly in the western half of Fengyuan, along the east side of the 3rd Taiwan Provincial Road to the Dajiaxi River Valley, passing through the 'Xinshe river terrace', and then connecting the CBD of Dongshi and the Northern Xinshe. This corridor is connected to the densely populated and commercially developed areas of the various districts.