強權競爭下的中型國家安全策略：以波蘭與土耳其為例

Middle Powers' Security Strategies and Their Responses to Great Powers: The Cases of Poland and Turkey

過去研究非強權國家的安全策略多以中小型國家為標的，本研究進一步將焦點集中在中型國家安全策略選擇，分析這一類國家如何在國際強權政策引導下進行回應。本文觀察波蘭與土耳其兩國策略選擇發現：首先，中型國家因具有較強的綜合國力優勢，造就此類國家積極參與國際事務、展現高度自主性。其次，從地緣政治角度來看，離威脅中心越近，中型國家採取扈從一強去抗衡另外一強的策略就越明顯；相反的，離威脅中心越遠，中型國家採取在兩強間擺盪策略就越明顯。最後，強權有求於中型國家，因此對中型國家多採正向回報或高容忍度的反饋方式。

This study explores the security strategies of middle powers and aims at their responses to external environments. This paper argues that: (a) Unlike small powers in international politics, middle powers have more comprehensive national strengths and a more autonomous status. Autonomy for states is a major reason related to middle powers' strategies. (b) Geopolitical proximity and sense of threat will co-define middle powers' security strategies: the closer to the center of threat, the stronger of the sense of threat. (c) Global powers will act to help middle powers' foreign policy in return if middle powers do something to help global powers. One good turn deserves another reflecting this virtuous circle, in some cases. By contrast, a sense of high tolerance of global power for middle powers turnabout were the cases in other regions. We take Poland and Turkey as two examples of middle powers and try to explain their security strategies in accordance with geopolitics.