歐洲治理危機：「利益」與「認同」的落差

The EU Governance Crisis: Gap between Interest and Identity in the EU

本文以2009年至2019年這十年來歐洲統合發展的危機，試圖提供一個理論解釋的基礎。首先剖析統合理論新功能主義，及其引用新制度主義與建構主義的概念對新功能理論的修正與詮釋。其次以歐洲債務危機、移民難民處理、族群分離運動三個事件做為案例檢驗，梳理出歐盟治理危機的三項落差：承諾與執行的落差、政治菁英與公眾意見的落差、歐洲認同與國家認同的落差；第三，就修正後新功能主義與案例結合，分析造成歐盟治理危機的原因。最後，就新功能主義修正對利益分配、認同分歧等現象總結意見。

This paper attempts to provide a theoretical basis for the EU crisis on the development of integration in the past decade (2009 to 2019). First, it analyzes neo-functionalist integration theory, and the revision and amendment thereof, with reference to the concepts of new institutionalism and constructivism. Second, three main gaps are apparent in multiple EU crises--between commitment and implementation, be-tween elite and public opinion, and between a European and national identities. Third, arguments are offered on the factors which caused the EU crisis on the basis of the theory of amended neo-functionalism. The final part concludes the EU crisis had its origins in the divergence between interest distribution and identification.