分子層次探討SARS-CoV-2感染之病毒複製、抗病毒策略和實驗室診斷：小型綜論

Molecular Basis of Viral Replication, Antiviral Strategy, and Laboratory Diagnosis in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Mini Review

2019年底發現嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症冠狀病毒第2型（SARS-CoV-2），隨後引起全球爆發，導致2019年冠狀病毒疾病（COVID-19），因此SARS-CoV-2感染機制需要深入分子層次探討，期能有助於治療策略及檢驗試劑開發。這小型綜論中，我們提供文獻回顧，包括SARS-CoV-2複製的相關機制，以及其檢測診斷方法。這篇小型綜述也深入了解SARS-CoV-2生命週期的分子機制，如劫持內質網和高爾基體運輸機制，以產生新的病毒粒子。內吞作用在病毒生命週期中扮演著關鍵作用，如內吞循環和分泌途徑於病毒的出芽和釋放，轉錄、翻譯和翻譯後修飾對病毒RNA基因組和蛋白質合成，皆是不可少的重要步驟。隨著SARS-CoV-2的出現，開發病毒檢測的試劑盒和方法是非常緊急且必要的。這篇小型綜述說明基於PCR方法的分子檢驗應驗證引子組的重要性，以獲得準確的結果，避免出現假陰性和偽陽性之案例。重要地，SARS-CoV-2流行變異株的基因組變化增加診斷檢測困難，關注優化即時RT-PCR之引子對，以提升分子檢驗之特異性和敏感性。

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a global outbreak. SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism is needed to gain an insight for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this mini-review, we provide the relevant mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 replication and diagnostic methods in SARS-CoV-2 detection. This mini-review has the insight into molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 life cycle that hijacks the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi trafficking to produce new virions. Endocytosis plays a key role in the viral life cycle. Endocytistic recycling and the secretory pathway are essentially for the viral budding and releasing, whereas the transcriptional, translational and post-translation modifications are important steps for viral indispensable RNA genome and protein synthesis. As the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the development of kits and methods in viral detection are really necessary. The mini-review also reveals that primer sets of the PCR-based methods should be validated to get accurate results without false negative and positive cases. In addition, the genome change of epidemic SARS-CoV-2 variant causes a difficulty in the diagnostic detection, rely on optimization of specific and sensitive primers using by real time RT-PCR assays.