雙城都市化，馬來西亞國家空間的政治經濟分析

Dual City Urbanism: Political and Economic Analysis of State Space in Malaysia

東南亞國家在1980年代逐步整合進入全球城市的競賽當中，然而，馬來西亞的空間發展模式，與典型西方國家「新國家空間」的治理模式並不一樣，國家並未隱身於都市之後，而是積極現身致力於打造「象徵性的國家空間」、「馬來穆斯林」語彙的空間。此外，馬來西亞的國家空間重構路徑並不是創造性破壞的都市再發展，而是採取新鎮開發（new town）的手段——布城（Putrajaya，又稱：布特拉再也）的開發，重新建立起一座屬於馬來西亞的全球城市，代表馬來西亞的「國家空間」（state space）。本文要處理的有兩個主要問題：（1）何以馬來西亞的國家空間面貌與營造模式與全球主流範型如此不同？（2）近年布城模式的特殊性逐漸消失，取而代之的是大吉隆坡（Greater Kuala Lumpur）模式的崛起，如何理解馬來西亞國家空間的範型轉變？

The Southeast Asian countries gradually integrated into the competition of global cities in the 1980s, however, Malaysia's spatial distribution model is different from a typical Western country's governance ''New State space''. The state power has not hidden behind the urban but has actively appeared to create a ''symbolic state space'' and ''Malay-Muslim'' identity. Also, the path of state spatial restructuring in Malaysia is not the urban redevelopment of creative destruction but the re-establishment of a global city belonging to Malaysia through the development of Putrajaya, a new town, which represents Malaysia's ''state space''. There are two main questions to be addressed in this paper: 1. Why is Malaysia's state space making and construction model different from the global mainstream paradigm? 2. In recent years, the way of Putrajaya particularity has gradually disappeared and replaced by the rise of Greater Kuala Lumpur. How to understand the method in Malaysia's state space?