中國社會信用制度之實施與大數據相關個資議題之探討

Enforcement of Chinese Social Credit System and Its Related Issues of Personal Data Protection on Big Data

中國於近年起逐步推行一系列全國企業與個人社會信用系統，不同於美國的信用報告制度，中國之社會信用系統直接由中國政府主導並統一管理，相關資料不僅作為評估個人或企業財務及信用狀況，亦作為中國用以進行社會及國家治理的一種工具。由於中國社會信用系統透過大數據處理個人資料，已造成是否侵害隱私權的問題。尤其，中國政府以社會信用體系評分評級作為強制措施，推行包括失信被執行人名單與公告違規名單，己引發人權組織的抨擊。而現今在資訊科技技術成熟和資料量大幅增長下，亦可能面臨國家機構或私人企業是否會濫用個人資料或監控民眾之隱憂。因此，本文將藉由討論中國社會信用系統推行來分析大數據科技發展下相關的個人資料保護議題。

Recently, the PRC government had implemented a nationwide social credit system for companies and individuals. Unlike the credit reporting systems in the United States, the PRC’s Social Credit System is directly led by the central government and is managed by a united credit reporting system. The PRC’s Social Credit System is not only used as a way to assess the financial credibilities of individuals or companies, but also as a tool for evaluating the PRC’s current social and national governance. Because the PRC’s Social Credit System has handled personal data through the big data analytics, it has been considered as the threat to violate personal privacy rights. In particular, the PRC plans to utilize the credit rating and scores of the Social Credit System as a compulsory measure over the public. Meanwhile, the implementation of the list of untrustworthy executed persons and violation lists have triggered criticism by the human rights organizations. With the maturity of information technology and the substantial increase of the data amounts, it has also brought the worries of infringe on the individual privacy, the misuse of personal data by private companies, or the threat of governmental surveillance over the public. Therefore, this paper will examine the implementation of the PRC’s Social Credit System to analyze the issue of personal data protection under the development of big data analytics.