琉球獨立運動的政治研析

Political Analysis of the Ryukyu Independence Movement

琉球獨立運動與其他爭取獨立的地區較為不同的是琉球群島在歷史上會經是獨立國家。琉球王國透過與英法美荷等國簽訂條約，確認其獨立主權國家的國際法地位。然而，日本在1871年全面實施廢藩置縣，琉球王國被當作令制國，1879年日本廢除琉球藩，設置沖繩「縣，琉球群島被納為日本國的領土，琉球王國正式亡國。其次，琉球|獨立運動的另一個特色是涉及美日中等三大國，有時是從日本獨立、有時是從美國獨立，而會將琉球國視為屬國的中國則有時認為琉球是白國的一部分，而有時卻又支持琉球獨立。因此，琉球獨立運動是一個多元複雜的獨立運動。本文旨在探討1879年以來琉球人一直存在希望脫離日本統治的復國運動，其後更發展為想藉美國力量獨立的沖繩獨立運動，而在一九七O年代回歸日本統治後又出現新形態的獨立運動動向，並進一步分析目前琉球獨立運動所面臨之內部與外部問題。

The difference between the Okinawa independence movement and other regions striving for Independence lies in the historical status of the Ryukyu is lands for Ryukyu Kingdom was recognized as asovereign state by the international law through signing treaties with Britain, France, the United States and the Netherlands. But even so, the kingdom was regarded as Ryōseikoku (provinces of Japan) by the Meiji government of the Empire of Japan. In 1871, the policy of Haihan-chiken, an administrative reform, was implemented, through which the Ryukyu Kingdom turned into the Ryukyu Domain (1872-1879). In 1879, the kingdom-domain was abolished and formally annexed into the modern Japanese Empire (1868-1947) as Okinawa Prefecture. Besides, the trajectory of the involvement of three Great Powers in the Okinawa independence movement is also noteworthy. Sometimes, the campaigners advocate separation from Japan whiles the movement also eager to break from the US. Although Ryukyu was once regarded as atributary state of China, however, PRC's inconsistent stance is in favor of Okinawan independence. As aresult, the Okinawa independence movement turned more entwined. This paper attempts to examine along-run of Okinawan movement aiming for the separation from Japan since 1879 as well as the later Okinawa independence movement which tried to teamed up with the US power to achieve the goal. In 1970s, Okinawa was returned to Japan, anew trend was sprouting on the path to the Independence. Afurther analysis on the issues of internal and external that the Okinawa independence movement encountered will also be explored.