蒙古與台灣的憲政體制與政府型態

The Comparison of Constitutional Order and Government Type in Mongolia and Taiwan

蒙古與台灣看似在地理位置上距離遙遠，但其實有相類似的命運，即是欲在強鄰下維持獨立自主的新興民主國家。台灣長期處在對岸武力威脅之下，蒙古也擔心中俄侵奪其自主性。想必與內蒙古相鄰的蒙古國，對於中國此政策對蒙語及蒙古認同之長期發展不利相當憂心，畢竟蒙古對於強鄰侵擾其自主性相當敏感。兩國這樣的地緣因素，相當程度影響了兩國憲政體制的形塑。蒙古與台灣皆屬於第三波民主化後採用半總統制的新興民主國家，兩國憲政體制上細微的差異，影響了兩國的政府型態。本文將比較兩國的憲政體制與政府型態，並且在結語中，以蒙古經驗給台灣作為啟示，作為台灣以後憲政改革的參考。

Mongolia and Taiwan are both belong to the newly semi-presidential democracies under the third wave of democratization. In addition, both countries belong to post-Leninist subtype of semi-presidentialism. However, the subtle differences of constitutional design in both countries affect the government types of the two countries. This article will compare the constitutional order and government type of Taiwan and Mongolia, and offer some suggestions of constitutional reforms to Taiwan.