日治時期臺灣磚造建築牆體構造演變與地震及法令之關係研究──以RC臥樑、RC樓版、扶壁為例

The Relationship Between Brick Wall Construction Development and Earthquake Building Codes in Japanese Colonial Taiwan—A Case Study on RC Collar Beams, RC Floor Panels, and Buttresses

日本治理臺灣期間，在各地興建了許多磚造建築，這些建築物多數都仍在使用中，其中部分建築物因具有特殊歷史意義或工藝價值，而陸續被指定為古蹟或登錄為歷史建築，並進行修復與再利用。由於每天進出這些建築物之人員相當多，若建築物之耐震性能不足，地震時恐怕會發生嚴重損壞，而導致難以估算之生命、文化資產損失，因此再利用時其耐震性能需要進一步提升。本文進行研究時，除比較日治各時期法令、設計理論之內容，同時也歸納因地震發生而衍生的磚牆構造作法與其對應之耐震成效。研究結果顯示，各時期建築法令中有關磚牆設計之條文內容會隨結構理論發展、震害經驗改變，而依照不同法令規定或理論所設計之磚造建築物，地震後之震害程度與破壞模式會有相當大差異，其中依照法令設計並在磚牆設置扶壁（附壁柱）、臥樑、鋼筋混凝土樓版者，其耐震性能相對較佳。另外，研究結果也發現，日治時期磚造建築演變加強磚造、鋼筋混凝土建築過程中，日本人在臺灣也實驗了許多未依法令規定之構造作法。

Many brick buildings constructed during the Japanese colonial period are still in use in Taiwan. Some of these brick buildings with special historic significance and cultural values are designated as cultural heritage. In order to reduce potential loss of these cultural assets and risk to human life as a result of earthquakes, the seismic resistance capacity of these brick buildings should be increased before reuse. This study begins by comparing the contents of the building regulations and design theories during the various periods of Japanese rule. It then summarizes the brick wall construction methods derived from experience of earthquakes and their corresponding earthquake resistance effects. The research results show that the provisions for brick wall design in the building laws of each period evolved with the development of structural theory and earthquake damage experience. Brick buildings designed according to different building codes or structural design methods exhibited different degrees and types of damage after an earthquake. Among these buildings, those designed in accordance with laws and regulations that specified buildings with brick walls (pilasters), horizontal beams, and reinforced concrete floors had relatively better seismic performance. In addition, the results found that during the Japanese occupation, the evolution of brick and reinforced concrete buildings, the Japanese experimented with many structural practices that were not then prescribed by law in Taiwan.