以臺南市麻豆區護濟宮論析廟宇修復文化保存與再現

An Analysis of Cultural Conservation and Representation of Temple Preservation and Restoration: A Case Study on Huji Temple, Madou District, Tainan City

本研究以位於倒風內海三大港汊之一的麻豆港護濟宮為例，探討廟宇修復及申報古蹟過程與影響。歷經產業變遷與文化資產保存觀念的轉變，地方透過選舉和一系列徐序漸進的理性溝通對話，決定從「拆除重建」轉為「文資修復」方式進行廟宇修建，也是公部門權力下放，促成民眾參與的案例之一。2009年登錄為歷史建築，2014年申請修復，2018年修復完成後指定為「直轄市定古蹟」。本文採質性研究，分為三個面向討論修復事件的過程與後續影響：1、有形文化資產修復流程與原則；2、無形文化資產價值保存與傳承；3、社會資源整合與鏈結。研究發現：廟宇修復這一地方變動，連帶重新鏈結社會關係，諸如人力、資金與地方情感。有形文化資產得以保存與維護，並透過無形文化資產地方民俗活動的復辦與新辦，以及工藝技術與流派保存等，使地方文史價值更趨完整。

This study takes Huji Temple, Madou District, Tainan City as a case study to discuss the process and influence of temple restoration and designation as historical sites. Huji Temple in Madou Port, located in one of the three major branches of the Dao-feng inland sea, experienced considerable prosperity due to trade but later suffered silting up of the harbor. During the middle and late Qing Dynasty the local area, together with Madou City Street, became one of the local faith centers. The temple was registered as a historic building in 2009. Consent for restoration was applied for in 2014 and the temple was designated as ''a municipal historic site directly under the central government'' after completion of the restoration in 2018. It represents the future vision for conservation of cultural assets and community development through the resident's consensus of restoration, application for administrative procedures, reviewing of qualitative value, and a series of follow-up cultural events. Qualitative methods were adopted and this study; which is divided into three aspects for discussion: (1) the principles and process of restoration of tangible cultural heritage; (2) preservation and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage; (3) social resource integration and connection. It was found that: (1) modern restoration principles allow temple cultural heritage to coexist with tradition and modernity, and collection of craft works made by different craftsmen over time and space; (2) through the traditional thinking of Mazu belief and the re-establishment of local traditional folk customs, the temple has continued the process of culture and re-contextualization in the contemporary era and helped strengthen the local residents' appreciation and cultural inheritance by enhancing local initiative in the community; (3) through effective communication and execution, the temple management committee joined in the temple restoration and complemented the process in various parts, such as fund raising, manpower assistance and religious rituals.