十九世紀馬偕宣教師宅之探討

Some Investigations on the Rev. G. L. Mackay's Nineteenth Century house in Tamsu

故居是歷史人物長期生活的空間，具體反應歷史人物的生活軌跡。臺灣建築史中相關故居研究，多以本土人士為主，本研究將以對北臺灣有重要影響的「馬偕牧師」為對象，進行住宅的研究。馬偕為加拿大基督教長老教會所派出國外的第一位宣教師，於1871年底來台，以淡水為基地開始傳教生涯。現存的馬偕住宅為其落腳淡水的第三個住所，是1875年由加拿大長老教會出資興建的宣教師住宅。儘管距今已有140年的歷史，仍屬做工細緻且現代化的建築；建築形式反映出外國人在面對臺灣多颱風、地震，氣候潮濕、炎熱、多雨等因素時，生活住所的考量。當時馬偕以外國宣教師的身份在北台地區四處傳教、行醫，住所在馬偕傳教的各階段中分別扮演不同的角色。本研究透過馬偕撰寫的著作、記錄或描述中有關居家生活的討論，具體發現馬偕住宅除了提供馬偕個人居家生活外，還扮演多重重要角色，包括臺灣第一座私人博物館、神學院的校舍空間、公共的集會場所；當然也反應出馬偕個人對臺灣生活、工作狀態及生活環境需克服的風土觀點。透過本文的討論，不僅可以說明馬偕住宅在臺灣建築史的歷史價值與意義，亦可提供未來進行古蹟指定、修復或再利用之具體參考。

Vernacular residences where historic figures lived for a prolonged period reflect evidences of their everyday life. Regarding historical architectural studies of former residences in Taiwan, most of them are focused on local people. This study takes as its object of study the former residence of“Missionary Mackay”who had a significant influence on northern Taiwan. Mackay was the first missionary sent to a foreign country by the Presbyterian Church of Canada. Arriving in Taiwan in 1871, he was based in Danshui, where he began his preaching career. The existing Mackay mansion in Danshui was the third of his homes. Funded by the Presbyterian Church of Canada in 1875, it was a reverend’s mansion. Even though it has a history of over 140 years it still demonstrates the delicate style of contemporary architecture, and also reflects a foreigner’s concern for a daily life which deals with frequent typhoons, earthquakes, humid weather, high temperatures, and a rainy climate. At that time, Mackay both preached and practiced medicine in the Taipei area as a foreign reverend. His mansions played different roles at different stages in his career. From his writings, records, and description of his home life, this study aims to discover the multiple roles played by Mackay’s mansion, including the first private museum in Taiwan, school accommodation for a seminary, public meeting place, etc., in addition to providing a living space. Of course, it also reveals Mackay’s personal reflection on the lifestyle in Taiwan, conditions of work, living environment, adapting to a new landscape and environment. An examination of the evidence, can not only elucidate the historic value and meaning of Mackay’s mansion in the history of Taiwan’s architecture but also provide further references for the future listing, refurbishing, and reutilization of other historic monuments in Taiwan.